臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來，由於多媒體電腦的演進，使得電腦的附加功能愈趨多樣化，也因此使得電腦及其周邊裝置面臨了振動及散熱的問題。為了美觀，一般多媒體電腦業者常將原安裝於螢幕兩側的喇叭安裝於電腦外殼之內，當喇叭運作時會形成振動源，而位於螢幕內的蔭罩(Shadow Mask)則直接受到此一振動源的影響，使得陰極射線管所放出之電子束無法正確的通過蔭罩上的孔，有時候讓螢幕畫面產生影像不穩定的現象，使得使用者必須忍受畫面的微振。另外，由於資訊的發展，常可見電子構件如印刷電路板或球陣列排列元件使用於行動物體上，這些彈性支撐的元件經常處於週期振動的環境中，情況嚴重時可能會使元件失效，因此這些元件的可靠度相形之下就顯得重要。此外，在許多薄板及薄殼結構的接合上，由於邊界條件較為複雜，並非一般簡支撐或固定之條件，而是介於兩者之間的一種條件，但簡支撐與固定究竟各是多少比例卻是無法知道，較常見的方式多採用有限元素法來預測系統的靜、動態行為，但是邊界條件卻不易掌握。綜合以上種種不確定之因素，可以發現數值模擬往往會和真實情況有一定的差距。因此本研究的重點將分為幾個部分來探討含孔洞結構在不同的邊界條件下的機械行為及承受負載時的動態行為。實驗方法可以將邊界及材料的性質完全顯現出來，但如果每一種情況都必須重新設計實驗，將會非常耗時，所以若結合實驗模型與ANSYS[1]數值模型，確實掌握實驗的等效材料常數及邊界條件，而後將所得到的參數代入數值方法中，以模擬真實的條件，期望以此種方法可以預測不同情況下結構的靜、動態特性。對於一般含孔、裂縫之構件甚至於複合材料同樣的都可藉由此一方式獲得等效於等向性或正交性(orthotropic)完整平板的材料常數，對於簡化數值模型有很大的幫助，而在獲得試片的材料常數及邊界條件之後，除了對振動分析有相當的幫助外，也可以對於許多延伸的問題作一探討。

For the connection parts of engineering structures, the actual boundary conditions lie between the ideal simply-supported and clamped conditions. It is difficult, however, to define the boundary conditions clearly. In addition, material properties of many structures, e.g. perforated plates, are rather difficult to determine.
In this dissertation, dynamic behaviors of full flat plates and shells, perforated plates and shells, printed circuit boards (PCB) as well as shadow masks on the elastic support were investigated by the hybrid method which is a combination of the experimental and numerical methods. The amplitude fluctuation electronic speckle pattern interferometry (AF-ESPI) technique was utilized to obtain the vibration fringe patterns of those plates and shells. The modal assurance criterion (MAC) was used to compare the experimental and numerical results to obtain the equivalent boundary conditions and material properties. The difference between the experimental and numerical model can be reduced via the sensitivity testing and correlation coefficient. After tuning the selected parameters, the natural frequencies obtained are in good agreement with the experimental results. In addition, curve-fitting method was utilized to confer the relationship of the mass remnant ratio to parameter ratio. The functions obtained from the curve fitting can be used to predict the equivalent material properties and natural frequencies of the perforated plates of the diagonal and rectangular arrays. By using the tuned boundary conditions and material properties, the state of stress of the structures can then be calculated reasonably.

Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1
Chapter 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 4
2.1 Perforated plates and shells 4
2.2 Boundary conditions 8
2.3 PCB and shadow mask 12
2.4 Optical method 15
2.5 Inverse method 16
Chapter 3 THEORY 22
3.1 Vibration analysis of plates and shells 22
3.2 AF-ESPI 27
3.3 Shadow moiré method 30
3.4 Correlation criteria 31
3.4.1 Modal assurance criterion 32
3.4.2 Correlation coefficient 34
3.4.3 Sensitivity analysis 33
Chapter 4 TEST SPECIMENS AND EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 35
4.1 Test specimens 35
4.1.1 Specimens for verification of the hybrid method 35
4.1.2 Material properties test 35
4.1.3 Boundary conditions test 36
4.1.4 Industrial examples 36
4.2 Experimental setup 37
4.2.1 Vibration system 37
4.2.2 Optical system 38
4.3 Experimental procedures 39
Chapter 5 NUMERICAL SIMULATION 40
Chapter 6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 41
6.1 Verification of the hybrid method 41
6.1.1 Full flat plate 41
6.1.2 Spring coefficients 42
6.2 Estimation of material properties 43
6.2.1 Specimens with 3, 9 and 20 holes 43
6.2.2 Perforated plates with different arrays 45
6.2.3 Embedding material for perforated plates 48
6.3 Estimated boundary conditions 50
6.3.1 Specimens with 3, 9 and 20 holes 50
6.3.2 Perforated plates with different arrays 52
6.4 Industrial applications 53
6.4.1 Characteristics of PCB 53
6.4.1.1 Material properties 53
6.4.1.2 Boundary conditions 54
6.4.1.3 Stress analysis 55
6.4.2 Characteristics of the shadow mask 56
6.4.2.1 Free vibration of mounting frame 56
6.4.2.2 Holder property 57
6.4.2.3 Complete shadow mask 58
Chapter 7 CONCLUSIONS 62
REFERENCES 65
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 77

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