臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
三相昇壓型交/直流轉換器可具有高功率因數、低輸入電流總諧波失真等優點，在工業發展中是一種相當廣泛採用的架構，例如捷運系統、直流電弧爐與交/交流轉換器之中間直流鏈等。有關此轉換器元件參數的分析與選擇於國立清華大學電力電子實驗室之研究成果中已有非常詳盡之分析與探討，可確保轉換器之穩態特性能符合國際規範。然而有關迴授控制器的採用與設計以進一步提升轉換器之動態性能則尚未涉及。
因此本論文繼續前述研究成果首先利用三相昇壓型交/直流轉換器的直流模型，由能量守衡的觀念導出一前饋控制，以達到系統之快速動態響應。接著根據轉換器之線性化小訊號模型結合國立清華大學電力電子實驗室首提之定結構滑模控制理論，可以消除傳統滑模控制的切跳現象，並達到轉換器強健控制的效果。然而由於該定結構滑模控制設計與工作點有關，當轉換器操作於該工作點以外之負載時，系統之動態響應便無法保持原設計點之優良性能，因此吾人將該控制修正成為一適應性控制來改善此現象，稱為適應性定結構滑模控制。其特點為可以使系統之極點彈性地隨不同負載而改變，使控制器能保持較佳之強健性。本論文最後實際製作一雛型電路驗證所提控制策略之可行性。其中控制器並以DSP加以數位化實現所提控制理論，不但可以減少硬體電路之體積而且方便維護及修改控制法則。

Abstract
An active three-phase boost rectifier can easily be designed to achieve high power factor and low input current distortion. Hence, it has been widely applied in the industry, such as in rapid transit systems, arc furnaces, and as a dc-link of an ac/ac converter. Analyses and LC parameters design of the boost rectifier to fulfill proper performance requirements have been detailed in a previous thesis of a graduate of this lab. However, how to design a feedback controller to further improve the dynamic performance of the rectifier has not been finished yet.
In view of these, this thesis is aimed at the design of high performance dynamic controller. First, by using the derived DC model of the rectifier, the author proposes a feedforward control by using the concept of conservation of energy to achieve a fast response due to a step load change. Then, by using the derived small signal model, the author adapts the fixed structure sliding mode control (FSSMC) of a previous dissertation of a graduate of this lab to achieve the robust control as well as eliminating the chattering phenomenon. Due to the change of the operating point of the rectifier, the originally designed FSSMC designed may not be able to maintain the nice performance for all loading conditions. Hence, the author further proposes an adaptive FSSMC to achieve better performance. Detailed theoretical basis is given in the context. Finally, a prototype is also constructed to verify the feasibility of the proposed control. The proposed controller is implemented fully digitally with a DSP to reduce hardware components, the volume and to simplify the maintenance problems.

目 錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌 謝 III
目 錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 本論文之貢獻 3
1.4 本論文之內容概述 4
第二章 數學模式之建立 6
2.1 前言 6
2.2 狀態平均模式之推導 6
2.3 動態模式與等效電路之推導 15
2.4 L、C參數之選擇 18
(A) 輸出電壓Vo之邊界條件[20] 19
(B) 電感L之邊界條件[20] 20
(C) 電容C之邊界條件[20] 21
(D) 參數L、C的設計步驟[20] 23
第三章 適應性定結構滑模控制 28
3.1 前言 28
3.2 定結構滑模控制之理論基礎 28
3.3 定結構滑模控制 35
3.3 適應性定結構滑模控制 58
3.4 模擬結果 69
第四章 實體電路製作與實測結果 74
4.1 前言 74
4.2 實體電路製作 75
4.2.1電力電路 77
4.2.2控制電路 77
4-3 實測結果 86
第五章 結論 96
參考文獻 98
附錄A 閉迴路系統矩陣及特徵方程式之推導 104
附錄B 定結構滑模控制極點加成性定理 106
附錄C.1 定結構滑模控制模擬方塊圖 109
附錄C.2 適應性定結構滑模控制中次系統(Control Block)模
擬方塊圖 111
附錄D DSP程式 112

參考文獻
[1] B.N. Singh, P. Jain and G. Joos, “ Three-phase AC/DC regulated power supplies: a comparative evaluation of different topologies, ” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. APEC 2000, 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 513 —518, 2000.
[2] 江茂欽，洪敬恆，張源吉，陳佑昆，陳信豪，「具較小電解質電容器之三相高功因交流變直流轉換器之製作，」 國立宜蘭技術學院電機工程學系專題報告，九十年。
[3] J. W. Choi and S. K. Sul, “ New current control concept-minimum time current control in 3-phase PWM converter, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1995. PESC ''95 Record. 26th Annual IEEE, vol. 1, pp. 332 —338, 1995.
[4] J. W. Choi and S. K. Sul, “ New current control concept-minimum time current control in the three-phase PWM converter, ” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 12, pp. 124 —131, Jan. 1997.
[5] J. W. Choi and S. K. Sul, “ Generalized solution of minimum time current control in three-phase balanced systems, ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, pp. 738 —744, Oct. 1998.
[6] J. W. Choi, H. W. Kim and S. K. Sul, “ New current control concept: minimum time current control in induction machine drive, ” Industrial Electronics, Control, and Instrumentation, 1995. Proceedings of the 1995 IEEE IECON 21st International Conference on, vol. 1, pp. 311 -316, 1995.
[7] J. W. Kolar, H. Ertl and F. C. Zach, “ Analysis of the control behavior of a bi-directional three-phase PWM rectifier system, ” Conference in European Power Electron, pp. 2095-2100, 1991.
[8] F. Blaabjerg and J. K. Pedersen, “ An integrated high power factor three-phase AC-DC-AC converter for AC-machines implemented in one microcontroller, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1993. PESC ''93 Record. 24th Annual IEEE, pp. 285 —292, 1993.
[9] J.W. Choi and S.K. Sul, “ Resonant link bi-directional power converter without electrolytic capacitor, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1993. PESC ''93 Record. 24th Annual IEEE, pp. 293 —299, 1993.
[10] J. S. Kim and S.K. Sul, “ New control scheme for AC-DC-AC converter without DC link electrolytic capacitor, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 1993. PESC ''93 Record. 24th Annual IEEE, pp. 300 —306, 1993.
[11] D. C. Lee, K. D. Lee and G. M. Lee, “ Voltage control of PWM converters using feedback linearization, ” Industry Applications Conference, 1998. Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting. The 1998 IEEE, vol. 2, pp.1491 -1496, 1998.
[12] D. C. Lee, G. M. Lee and K. D. Lee, “ DC-bus voltage control of three-phase AC/DC PWM converters using feedback linearization, ” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 36, pp. 826 —833, May-June 2000.
[13] D. C. Lee, “ Advanced nonlinear control of three-phase PWM rectifiers, ” IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, vol. 147, pp. 361 -366, Sept. 2000.
[14] J. A. Torrico and E. Bim, “ Fuzzy logic space vector current control of three-phase inverters, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference, 2000. PESC 2000. 2000 IEEE 31st Annual, vol. 1, pp. 147 —152, 2000.
[15] S. R. Bowes, S. Grewal and D. Holliday, “ Novel adaptive hysteresis band modulation strategy for three-phase inverters, ” IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, vol. 148, pp. 51 —61, Jan. 2001.
[16] D. Amato, A. Tonielli and A. Tilli, “ An improved sequential hysteresis current controller for three-phase inverter: design and hardware implementation, ” Control Applications, 2001. (CCA ''01). Proceedings of the 2001 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 294 —300, 2001.
[17] B. R. Lin, “ High power factor AC/DC/AC converter with random PWM, ” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems, vol. 35, pp. 935 —943, July 1999.
[18] J. F. Silva, “ Sliding-mode control of boost-type unity-power-factor PWM rectifiers, ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 46, pp. 594 —603, June 1999.
[19] 張錠玉，「基於空間向量之高性能感應伺服驅動器之設計與實作，」清華大學博士論文，八十三年五月。
[20] 陳建智，「三相昇壓型主動式整流器之分析與L、C參數設計，」清華大學碩士論文，九十年七月。
[21] C. T. Pan and J. J. Shieh, “ A family of closed-form duty cycle control laws for three-phase boost AC/DC converter, ” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol. 45, pp. 530 —543, Aug. 1998.
[22] J. J. Shieh and C. T.Pan, “ ROM-based current controller for three-phase boost-type AC/DC converter, ” IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, vol 145, pp. 544 —552, Nov. 1998.
[23] J. J. Shieh, C. T. Pan and Z. J. Cuey, “ Modelling and design of a reversible three-phase switching mode rectifier, ” IEE Proceedings of Electric Power Applications, vol. 144, pp. 389 -396, Nov. 1997.
[24] K. Nishimura, K. Atsuumi, K. Tachibana, K. Hirachi, S Moisseev and M. Nakaoka, “ Practical performance evaluations on an improved circuit topology of active three-phase PFC power converter, ” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2001. APEC 2001. Sixteenth Annual IEEE, vol. 2, pp.1308 —1314, 2001.
[25] V. Blasko and V. Kaura, “ A new mathematical model and control of a three-phase AC-DC voltage source converter, ” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 12, pp. 116 —123, Jan. 1997.
[26] M. Hengchun, D. Boroyevich, A. Ravindra and F. C. Lee, “ Analysis and design of high frequency three-phase boost rectifiers, ” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 1996. APEC ''96. Conference Proceedings 1996. Eleventh Annual, vol. 2, pp. 538 -544, 1996.
[27] Y. J. M. Hengchun, F. C. Lee and D. Borojevic, “ Simple high performance three-phase boost rectifiers, ” Power Electronics Specialists Conference. PESC ''94 Record. 25th Annual IEEE, vol.2, pp. 1158 —1163, 1994.
[28] S. Fukuda and K. Koizumi, “ Optimal control of a three phase boost rectifier for unity power factor and reduced harmonics, ” Power Electronics and Drive Systems, 1995. Proceedings of 1995 International Conference on, vol.1, pp. 34 -39, 1995.
[29] S. Hiti, D. Boroyevich and C. Cuadros, “ Small-signal modeling and control of three-phase PWM converters, ” Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting, 1994. Conference Record of the 1994 IEEE, vol.2, pp. 1143 -1150, 1994.
[30] 謝振中，「高性能三相切換式交直流轉換器，」清華大學博士論文，八十五年六月。
[31] A. R. Prasad, P. D. Ziogas and S. Manias, “ An active power factor correction technique for three-phase diode rectifiers, ” IEEE PESC ''89 Record, pp. 58-66, 1989.
[32] B. N. Singh, P. Jain and G. Joos, “ Three-phase AC/DC regulated power supplies: a comparative evaluation of different topologies, ” Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, 2000. APEC 2000. Fifteenth Annual IEEE, vol. 1, pp.513 —5181, 2000.
[33] C. T. Pan and M. C. Jiang, “ Control and implementation of a three-phase voltage-doubler reversible AC to DC converter, ” IEEE PESC ''95 Record, vol. 1, pp. 437 —443, 1995.
[34] A. Mechi and S. Funabiki, “ Step up/down PWM AC to DC converter with sinusoidal source current-Comparison of three types of configurations, ” IEEE IECON ''91, vol.1, pp. 495-500, 1991.
[35] C. B. Jacobina, E. R. C. DaSilva, A. M. N. Lima and R. L. A. Ribenro, “ Vector and scalar control of a four switch three phase inverter, ” IEEE Industry Applications Conference, vol. 3, pp. 2422-2429, 1995.
[36] G. T. Kim and T. A. Lipo, “ VSI-PWM rectifier/inverter system with a reduced switch count, ” IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol. 32, pp. 1331 —1337, Nov.-Dec. 1996.
[37] H. A. Kojori, J. D. Lavers and S. B. Dewan, “ A critical assessment of the continuous-system approximate methods for the stability analysis of a sampled data system, ” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol. 8, pp. 76 —84, Jan. 1993.
[38] C. T. Pan and T. C. Chen, “ Modeling and design of a three-phase AC/DC converter, ” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Electrical Engineering, vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 1-11, 1994.
[39] 陳永平，「可變結構控制設計，」全華科技圖書，八十八年九月。
[40] 黃漢邦．譯，「自動控制系統，」東華書局圖書，八十六年六月。
[41] IEC, Disturbances in supply systems caused by household appliances and similar electrical equipment, International Electrotechnical Commission Publication 555, Parts 1,2,and 3, 1992.
[42] IEEE Std.519-1992, IEEE recommended practices and requirements for harmonic control in electrical power system, New York, 1993.
[43]蕭純育，「台電諧波管制標準之制定與執行，」電機技師，第59 期，第33~63頁，民國八十五年。