臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文簡單的介紹利用回火式液態質子交換法製作的週期性極化反轉鈮酸鋰光波導。並討論在雙重路徑的結構下，其單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率的增強情形。本論文使用的週期性極化反轉鈮酸鋰光波導包含一段40毫米長的準相位匹配結構，在單重路徑的結構、幫浦光強度為20毫瓦的情形下，單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率為 23.6 % W-1 cm-2，轉換效率為3.77 %。而在雙重路徑的結構下，同樣的元件表現出 75.7 % W-1 cm-2的單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率，16.86 %的轉換效率。雙重路徑的轉換效率的理論逼近值為13.85 %。
同樣的元件也被當成電光調變器來使用，其電光特性包含半波電壓、調變深度已被測試出來。量測到的半波電壓約為 315伏特，在不同轉換等級下可量到不同的調變深度，分別為 48% 及 60%。
本論文簡單的介紹利用液態質子交換法製作的週期性極化反轉鈮酸鋰光波導。並討論在雙重路徑的結構下，其單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率的增強情形。本論文使用的週期性極化反轉鈮酸鋰光波導包含一段40毫米長的準相位匹配結構，在單重路徑的結構、幫浦光強度為20毫瓦的情形下，單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率為 23.6 % W-1 cm-2，轉換效率為3.77 %。而在雙重路徑的結構下，同樣的元件表現出 75.7 % W-1 cm-2的單位強度單位長度平方的轉換效率，16.86 %的轉換效率。雙重路徑的轉換效率的理論逼近值為13.85 %。
同樣的元件也被當成電光調變器來使用，其電光特性包含半波電壓、調變深度已被測試出來。量測到的半波電壓約為 315伏特，在不同轉換等級下可量到不同的調變深度，分別為 48% 及 60%。

This thesis has briefly presented the remarkable work on demonstrating the novel highly efficient double-pass PPLN waveguide Enhancement of the normalized efficiency is verified when compared to the usual single-pass waveguide device. The APE PPLN waveguide with a 40 mm-long QPM section exhibits normalized efficiency of around 23.6 % W-1 cm-2 and the conversion efficiency is about 3.77 % for the single-pass generation with pumping power of 20 mW. The double-pass configuration allows the same device to achieve normalized efficiency of approximately 75.7 % W-1 cm-2 and conversion efficiency of approximately 16.86 %. The conversion efficiency for the double-pass generation can be estimated as 13.85 % using a theoretical approach.
The device is also used as an electro-optic (EO) modulator and its electro-optic effects, half-wave voltage and modulation depth are tested. The measured half-wave voltage of the device is about 315 V, and the obtained modulation depths are around 48 % and 60 %, respectively, under different conversion levels.

Table OF CONTENT
Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….…I
摘要………………………………………………………………………………...…II
Content…………………………………………………………………………...….III
List of Figures…………………………………………………………………...….. V
List of Tables……………………………………………………………………...…VI
Chapter 1. Introduction………...……………………………...…… 1
1.1 Motivation……………………………….…………………..…………………1
1.2 Nonlinear optics.……………………………………....………...……………..1
1.3 Overview of this dissertation………………………………………….....……3
Chapter 2. Theory of Guided-Wave Quasi-Phasematched Second Order Nonlinear Optics and Amplitude Modulation with Phase Compensation……………………………....5
2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………5
2.2 Guided-Wave Second Order Nonlinear Optics…………………………...…5
2.3 Discussion of Pump-Depletion and Non-Pump-Depletion in Guided-Wave QPM SHG…………..……………………………………………………..…...9
2.3.1 Solution of coupled-mode equation under non-pump-depletion approximation…………………………………………………………...... 10
2.3.2 General solution of the coupled-mode equation……………..……...……..11
2.4 Amplitude Modulation with Phase Compensation Based On Nonlinear Dispersion………………………………………………………………..…….14
2.5 Summary…………………………………………………………………....…17
Chapter 3. Design, Fabrication, and Testing of the Double-Pass Annealed Proton Exchange (APE) PPLN Waveguide….19
3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………….. 19
3.2 Tutorials of high efficiency annealed proton exchange (APE) PPLN waveguide……………………………………………………………………19
3.3 Device fabrication…………………………………………………………….22
3.3.1 Fabrication of the APE PPLN waveguide………………………………....22
3.3.2 Fabrication of the nonlinear dispersion modulator………………………..24
3.4 Experimental result……………………………………………………..…….27
3.4.1 Single-pass configuration……………………………………..………........28
3.4.2 Double-pass configuration…………………………….…………………..30
3.4.3 Amplitude modulation based on the double-pass configuration……….….32
3.5 Discussion……………………………………………………………………..35
Chapter 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………40
4.1 Conclusion…………………………………………….……………………….40
4.2 Future direction……………………………………………………………….40
4.2.1 Practical high efficient APE PPLN waveguide………………………...….40
4.2.2 Practical amplitude modulator………………….…………………………42
List of Figures
Fig. 1-1. Wave vector of the QPM second harmonic generation…………………...…2
Fig. 1-2. The tuning curve of the QPM second harmonic generation in the high gain configuration……………………...………………………………………...2
Fig. 2-1. Typical solution of the elliptic integral function………………………..…..13
Fig. 2-2. Growth of the normalized second harmonic amplitude…………..…….…...14
Fig. 2-3. Schematic description of the nonlinear depresive amplitude modulator…...14
Fig. 2-4. Theoretical calculation of the tuning curve for different dispersion section length………………….………………………………..………………….16
Fig. 3-1. Calculated depth profiles of interacting TM00 and TM01 modes at 1560 and 780 nm………………………………………………………………….….21
Fig. 3-2. Schematic description of APE process……………………………………...22
Fig. 3-3. Graphically representation of the concentration dependent function for a = 0.09 and b =12…………………………………………………………......24
Fig. 3-4. Configuration of the device………………………………………………...24
Fig. 3-5. Reduction of the loss of a Ni-Cr —electrode waveguide via a SiO2 buffer layer……………………………………………………………….……….25
Fig. 3-6. The shift of the phase matching wavelength due to an unexpected annealing process……………………………………………………………….….…26
Fig. 3-7. Transversal modulator……………………………………………………... 26
Fig. 3-8. Photograph of the actual device……………………………….…………....27
Fig. 3-9. Schematic description of the butt-coupling………………………...…… ….28
Fig. 3-10. Experimental setup for single-pass configuration…………………….….. 29
Fig. 3-11. Measured low-power CW SHG tuning curve……………………………..30
Fig. 3-12. Schematic description of the micro mirror………………………………..30
Fig. 3-13. Experimental setup for double-pass configuration………………………..31
Fig. 3-14. Comparison of conversion efficiency versus pumping power between
the single-pass and double-pass generation………………………………..32
Fig. 3-15. Experimental setup for measuring of half-wave voltage…………….…. …33
Fig. 3-16. Relationship between the SHG power and the applied voltage………….. 33
Fig. 3-17. Experimental setup for the amplitude modulation……………………..… 34
Fig. 3-18. Experimental result for the SHG amplitude modulation……………….…35
Fig. 3-19. Dual-band AR coating at 775 nm and 1550 nm…………………………..36
Fig. 4-1. Compact and practical double-pass APE PPLN waveguide with the directional coupler and the fiber pigtail……………………………….…..41
Fig. 4-2. Design of the directional coupler…………………………………………..41
Fig. 4-3. The description of the raised-sine function………………………………...42
List of Tables
Table. 3-1. Dependence between displacement ratio and crystalline phase………….20
Table. 3-2. Specification of the primary equipment………………………………….29

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