臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究目的在於探討網路學習社群中，不涉及報酬的熱心學習者，在本身能力及學習目標允許之下，為其他同儕主動解決障礙或提供部分協助，類似此熱心行為能否提昇整體學習社群績效。
基於網路學習社群系統本身就具有高複雜度的情況，系統中個體學習者的熱心程度是難以用簡單的式子來表示，因此，本研究方法是應用熱心多代理人理念來模擬網路學習社群任務績效，其中多代理人的概念與人類社會的概念相當接近，因為多代理人系統中個體代理人彼此間會有社會或互動關係，彼此間透過溝通，及主動的各自達成個體目標，且能對社群中的事件作出合乎理性反應或是互相協調以達成社群目標，而產生特定的群體行為。本研究採用JADE（Java Agent Development Environment）系統作為開發環境，因為JADE提供多代理人系統平台。
本研究發現有三，即（I）個體學習者的熱心行為對群體績效達成率有正面影響；同時個體學習者熱心程度愈高，群體績效達成率也愈高，唯個體學習者熱心程度大於50%時，對群體績效的提升程度便日益縮小；（II）工作任務的最大完成時間會影響群體績效，當最大完成時間愈長時，系統的群體績效愈高，且最大完成時間延長至某一臨界值時，群體績效便達其最上限；（III）當個體學習者數量由2人逐步增加至12人時，群體績效亦隨之上升，唯當人數超過12後，群體績效反而下降。
本研究的發現可作為未來網路學習社群活動設計者的教學參考，網路學習社群中教師如何鼓舞學習者帶著熱心的情懷，以進一步提昇群體學習績效，是一項關鍵的教學議題。

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance of a web-based learning community through multi-agent based simulations of benevolent behavior. An individual learner in learning community actively provides help or solutions for his/her peers under rationality. Can benevolent behavior of an individual learner in a simulated environment like distance education really promote the performance of a web-based learning community?
Due to the complexity of a web-based learning community involving cultural, economic, or political issues, it is difficult to express the degree of benevolent behavior of humanity in a simple mathematics equation. An individual agent in the multi-agent system can communicate with peers and make peers’ tasks done under its rationality. In other words, those agents in a simulated environment play social behaviors like human in a real environment. Therefore, the methodology of this study is to apply benevolent agents as behavior model to simulate the performance of a web-based learning community. The JADE(Java Agent Development Environment) system is adopted because it permits reuse of much existing code and self-configuration of large portions of the system.
The findings of this study have three results:
1. Benevolent agents can enhance the performance of their community. Furthermore, it is evident that the performance dramatically increases the percentage by degree of benevolence of agents compared with the no help environment.
2. In the maximum time, as a factor affecting the performance, to finish a job, the no help environment from another agents remains rather stable since the start, whereas the environment with benevolent behaviors impressively increases quite early and seems to become stable later on.
3. The performance of an amount of agents between 2 to 12 dramatically increases. In contrast, the amount of learners more learners than 12, their performances are worse off.
The findings of this study can be referenced for designers who concern pedagogical issues in web-based learning and training that impact on the potential for group learning. How to encourage learners with benevolent behaviors in a web-based community might be a critical pedagogical issue to achieve higher performance.

目次
第一章 緒論
第一節 背景與研究動機.................................. 1
第二節 研究目的........................................ 4
第三節 待答問題........................................ 5
第四節 名詞解釋........................................ 5
第五節 研究限制........................................ 6
第二章 文獻探討
第一節 網路學習........................................ 8
第二節 多代理人系統................................... 12
第三節 多代理人互動協定...............................23
第四節 多代理人系統的評估標準.........................31
第五節 熱心代理人 ...................................35
第六節 以模擬方式探究代理人間之社會行為...............40
第七節 在JADE平台上開發多代理人個案研究..............45
第三章 研究方法
第一節 研究工具....................................... 50
第二節 熱心代理人模型................................. 52
第三節 網路學習情境...................................55
第四節 實驗設計.......................................57
第四章 系統分析設計與建置
第一節 系統架構及運作情形 ...........................62
第二節 系統開發工具 .................................75
第五章 實驗結果與討論
第一節 熱心程度對群體平均完成率的影響 ...............78
第二節 最大完成時間對群體平均完成率的影響 ...........81
第三節 代理人數量對群體平均完成率的影響 .............83
第四節 結語 ........................................84
第六章 結論與建議
第一節 研究與結果摘要................................86
第二節 結論.........................................87
第三節 未來研究的建議................................88
參考文獻..............................................90
表次
表2-1多代理人系統分類表......................................14
表2-2 囚犯策略 vs. 刑期一覽表.................................32
表 2-3旅遊代理人行程安排結果細目表 ..........................46
表2-4 e-Learning系統之子系統一覽表............................48
表3-1 學習者各自分散的事實....................................56
表3-2 實驗內容摘要表..........................................58
表4-1 求助及協助運作實例......................................72
圖次
圖2-1代理人概念示意圖 .......................................12
圖2-2多代理人系統示意圖......................................13
圖2-3同質且互不溝通的環境.....................................15
圖2-4異質且互不溝通的環境.....................................17
圖2-5同質且互相溝通的環境.....................................19
圖2-6異質且互相溝通的環境.....................................20
圖2-7主從架構式協調機制示意圖.................................24
圖2-8黑板式協調機制示意圖.....................................25
圖2-9合約制協定中代理人協調過程...............................26
圖2-10決策函數範圍圖..........................................39
圖2-11以MAS模式化系統示意圖..................................40
圖2-12買賣代理人對話畫面 .....................................47
圖2-13 e-Learning系統架構圖 .................................48
圖3-1代理人元件關係圖.........................................51
圖3-2代理人的行為流程圖.......................................53
圖4-1管理程式使用個案圖.......................................62
圖4-2使用者界面...............................................63
圖4-3代理人模擬環境使用個案圖.................................64
圖4-4出題代理人 ..............................................64
圖4-5答題代理人 ..............................................66
圖4-6出題與答題代理人互動關係圖 .............................67
圖4-7模擬實驗進行畫面 ........................................67
圖4-8求助及協助過程狀態圖 ....................................70
圖4-9-1求助及協助過程示意圖 ..................................71
圖4-9-2求助及協助過程示意圖 ..................................71
圖4-9-3求助及協助過程示意圖 ..................................72
圖4-10代理人間互動溝通過程....................................74
圖4-11 JADE分散式代理人平台架構 ..............................75
圖4-12 JADE遠端管理代理人界面 ...............................77
圖5-1熱心程度與群體平均完成率關係圖 .........................79
圖5-2熱心程度與群體平均完成率關係圖(Tmax=10、Tmax=15)......79
圖5-3最大完成時間與群體平均完成率關係圖 .....................82
圖5-4最大完成時間與群體平均完成率關係圖(br=1.0、br=0.3)......82
圖5-5代理人數量與群體平均完成率關係圖.........................84

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