臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本研究利用拉曼光譜儀，以非破壞的方式分析三十餘種寶石礦物，將其拉曼激活模作有系統的分類探討，就寶石礦物在低頻部分（150cm-1-1500cm-1）和高頻部分（2800cm-1-3800 cm-1）的振動模特性作一詳盡的分析與比較並同時將拉曼光譜圖以資料庫方式建置，作為寶石礦物鑑定標準。結果顯示，利用寶石礦物之特徵拉曼峰來辨別，不僅可以正確和快速的鑑定比對寶石礦物外，在礦物學、地質學上相當具有意義。
實驗中寶石礦物化學組成中之H-O及非含H-O鍵很容易由拉曼光譜區分，利用此一特性，市場上常見且重要的鑽石、石英、綠柱石、輝玉、閃玉、金綠寶石、藍晶石、黝簾石、黃玉、剛玉、鋯石、尖晶石、電氣石、石榴子石及橄欖石等十五種寶石被歸納為一套鑑定流程。而寶石礦物之拉曼光譜資料（特徵峰數目、位置、強度），經配合美國寶石學院（Gemological Institute of America）之標準寶石特性表，綜合建置成寶石礦物之拉曼光譜資料庫，此資料庫可作為標準範例，提供正確快速的非破壞性寶石鑑定方法，在寶石學上極具實用價值。

目 錄
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
目錄 Ⅲ
圖目錄 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅴ
第一章緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2研究動機 6
1.3文獻回顧 8
1.4研究目的 9
第二章 實驗原理與方法 11
2.1拉曼光譜之原理 11
2.2實驗標本 12
2.3實驗方法 13
第三章 實驗結果 18
3.1自然元素礦物 18
3.2硫化礦物 19
3.3氧化礦物 19
3.4鹵化礦物 21
3.5碳酸鹽礦物 22
3.6磷酸鹽礦物 22
3.7矽酸鹽礦物 23
第四章 討論 53
4.1寶石礦物的拉曼特徵峰 53
4.2寶石礦物之螢光效應 61
4.3寶石礦物固溶效應 62
4.4拉曼光譜儀應用在寶石的鑑定上之優點 63
4.5寶石礦物之拉曼光譜資料庫 64
第五章 結論 67
參 考 文 獻 71
附 錄 73

參 考 文 獻
田沛霖、王執明譯，1984：玉，文史哲出版社。
李玉玲，2000，磷酸鹽礦物－磷灰石、獨居石之高溫高壓光譜研究，國立成功大學碩士論文，100頁。
李匡邦、許東明、何東英，1997：光譜化學分析，國立編譯館。
李宗紘，1997：輝玉之光譜學研究，國立台灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文。
李佩倫，2000，BaSO4-PbSO4固溶系列之高溫高壓相變研究，國立成功大學博士論文，139頁。
沈俊生，1997：閃玉之光譜學研究，國立台灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文。
余樹楨、李建興、吳舜田，1995：加工處理翡翠之拉曼光譜檢驗分析，地質，第15卷，第一期第153~169。
林益弘，1995：鈣鎂鐵輝石之拉曼光譜研究，國立台灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文。
吳照明、鄭素貞，1996：寶石鑑賞，吳照明珠寶學刊雜誌社，第1~56頁。
黃怡禎譯著，2000：礦物學，地球科學文教基金會，第620~643頁。
黃怡禎、林益弘、陳正宏、羅煥記、徐濟安，1996：中國地質學會八十五年年會暨學術研討會大會手冊及論文摘要，第202~205頁。
湯惠民，1995：輝玉之礦物學研究，國立臺灣大學地質學研究所碩士論文。
譚立平，1995：寶石學，徐氏基金會，第34~86頁。
欒秉璈，1985：寶石，冶金工業出版社。
Burns, R.G., and R.G.J. Strens, 1966, Infrared study of the Hydroxyl bonds in clinoamphibole, Science, 153, pp.890-892.
Burns, R.G. and C.J. Greaves, 1971, Correlations of Infrared and Mossbauer site population measurements of actinolites, Amer. Mineral., Vol.56, pp.2010-2033.
Chopelas, A., 1990, Thermal properties of forsterite at mantle pressures derived from vibrational spectroscopy, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 17, 149-156.
Cynn, H., A.M. Hofmeister, P.C. Burnley and A. Navrotsky, 1996, Thermodynamic properties and hydrogen speciation from vibrational spectra of dense hydrous magnesium silicates, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 23, 361-376.
Durman R., U.A. Jayasooriya and S.F.A. Kettle, 1985, Is cerussite an aragonite? Longitudinal optical-transverse optical splitting in the single-crystal Raman spectra. J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 916-917.
Etchepare, J., M. Marian and L. Smetankine, 1974, Vibrational normal modes of SiO2. I. α and β quartz, J. Chem. Phys., 60, 1873-1876.
Fadini, A. and F.M. Schnepel, 1989, Vibrational Spectroscopy Methods and Application, John Wiley & Sons, p.16-30.
Frech, R., E.C. Wang and J.B. Bates, 1980, The i.r. and Raman spectra of CaCO3 (aragonite), Spectrochim. Acta, 36A, 915-919.
Friesch, E. and C.M. Stockton, 1987, Infrared Spectroscopy in gem identification, Gem & Gemology., vol. 8, 8,18-26
Gem & Gemology., vol. 28, 7,35-42.
Gillet P., 1993, Stability of magnesite (MgCO3) at mantle pressure and temperature conditions: a Raman spectroscopic study, Am. Mineral., 78, 1328-1331.
Gillet P., C. Biellmann, B. Reynard and P. Mcmillan, 1993, Raman spectroscopic studies of carbonates. Part I: High-pressure and high-temperature behaviour of calcite, magnesite, dolomite, and aragonite, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 20, 1-18.
Gillet P., G. Fiquet, J.M. Malezieux and C.A. Geiger, 1992, Eur. J. Mineral, 4, 651-664.
Guyot, F., H. Boyer, M. Madon, B. Velde and J.P. Poirier, 1986, Comparison of the Raman microprobe spectra of (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 and Mg2GeO4with olivine and spinel structures, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 13, 91-95.
Hawthore, F.C, G.D. Ventura and J.L. Robert, 1996, Short-range of (Na, K) and Al in tremolite: An infrared study, Amer. Mineral., Vol.81, pp.782-784.
Hofmeister, A.M. and A. Chopelas, 1991, Vibrational spectroscopy of end-member silicate garnets, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 17, 503-526.
Huang, E., 1999, Raman spectroscopic study of 15 gem minerals, J. Geol. Soc. China, 42, 301-318.
Huang, E., C. H. Chen, T. Huang, E. H. Lin and J. Xu, 2000, Raman characteristics of (Mg, Fe, Ca)-pyroxenes, Amer. Mineral., 85, 473-479.
Huang, E., J. F. Lin, J. Xu and S. C. Yu, 1995, Raman spectroscopic study of diaspore up to 25 GPa, J. Geol. Soc. China, 38, 25-36.
Huang, E., J. Xu, J. F. Lin and J. Hu, 2000, Pressure-induced phase transitions in gypsum, High Pressure Res., 17, 57-75.
Iishi, K., 1978, Lattice dynamics of corundum, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 3, 1-10.
Kieffer, S.W., 1985, Heat capacity and entropy: Systematic relations to lattice vibrations, In Microscopic to Macroscopic: Atomic Environments to Mineral Thermodynamics, ed. by S.W. Kieffer and A. Navrotsky, Reviews in Mineralogy v.14, Mineral. Soc. Am., pp. 65-127.
Klein, C. and C.S. Hurlbut, Jr., 1993, Manual of Mineralogy, 21st ed., John Wiley and Sons, New York, 681p.
Kolesov, B.A. and C.A. Geiger, 1998, Raman spectra of silicate garnets, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 25, 142-151.
Kraft S., E. Knittle and Q. Williams, 1991, Carbonate stability in the Earth’s mantle: a vibrational spectroscopic study of aragonite and dolomite at high pressures and temperatures, J. Geophys. Res., B96, 17997-18009.
Leake, B.E., 1978, Nomenclature of amphiboles, Canadian. Mineral., vol.16, pp.501-520.
Lee, P.L., E. Huang and S.C. Yu, 2001, Phase diagram and equations of state of barite, BaSO4, High Pressure Res., 21,67-77.
Lee, P.L., E. Huang and S.C. Yu, 2002, High-pressure Raman and X-ray studies of barite, BaSO4, High Pressure Res., in press.
Lin, C.C., L.G. Liu and T. Irifune, 1999, High-pressure Raman spectroscopic study of chondrodite, Phys. Chem. Minerals, 26, 226-233.
Lin, C.C. and L.G. Liu, 1997, High-pressure Raman spectroscopic study of post-aragonite phase transition in witherite (BaCO3), Eur. J. Mineral., 9, 785-792.
Lin C.C. and L.G. Liu, 1997, Post-aragonite phase transitions in strontianite and cerussite-a high-pressure Raman spectroscopic study, J. Phys. Chem. Solids, 58, 977-987.
Liu, L.G., T.P. Mernagh and T. Irifune, 1994, Raman spectra of pyrope and MgSiO3-10Al2O3 garnet at various pressures and temperatures, High Temperatures-High Pressures, 26, 363-374.
McMillan P., M . Akaogi, E. Ohtani, Q. William, R. Nieman and R. Sato, 1989, Phys. Chem. Miner., 16, 428-435.
Nassan, K., 1981, Raman Spectroscopy as a gemstone test , J. Gem., vol. 17, 7,306-320
Raman, C.V. and T.M.K. Nedungadi, 1940, The α-β transformation of quartz, Nature, 145, 147.
Rossman, G.R., 1974, Lavender jade. The optical spectrum of Fe3＋ and Fe2＋ intervalence charge transfer in jadeite from Burma. Am. Mineral., 59, pp.868-887.
Rossman, G.R., 1980, Pyroxene spectroscopy: Mineralogical Society of American, Reviews in Mineralogy, vol. 7, pp.93-115.
Skogby, H. and G.R. Rossman, 1991, The intensity of amphibole OH bonds in infrared absorption spectum, Phys. Chem. Minerals, Vol.18, pp.64-68.
Wang, A., Dhamelincourt, P. and G. Turrell (1988) Raman microspectroscopic study of the cation distribution in amphiboles,Applied Spectroscopy,42,pp1441-1450.
Williams, Q., 1995, Infrared, Raman and optical spectroscopy of Earth materials, In Mineral Physics Crystallography: A Handbook of Physical Constants, ed. By T.J. Ahrens, Am. Geophys. Union., 291-302.
Wilkins, R.W.T., 1970, Iron-magnesium distribution in the tremolite-actinolite series, Amer. Mineral., 55, 1993-1998.
Xu, J.A., Huang, E., Lin J.F. and Xu, H.Y., 1995, Raman study at high pressure and the thermodynamic properties of corundum: application of Kieffer’s model, Amer. Mineral., 80, 1159-1167.
Xu, J., E. Huang, J.F. Lin and Y. Xu, 1995, Raman study at high pressure and the thermodynamic properties of corundum: Application of Kieffer''s model, Amer. Mineral., 80, 1159-1167.
Xu, J., E. Huang, C.H. Chen, L. P. Tan and B. S. Yu, 1996, A Raman spectroscopic study of archaic jades, Acta Geologica Taiwanica, 32, 11-42.
Yamamoto, A., Y. Shiro and H. Murata, 1974, Optically-active vibrations and elastic constants of calcite and aragonite, Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 47, 265-273.
Yang, S. E., E. Huang, J. Xu and H.J. Lo, 1997, Raman spectroscopic study of CaCO3 under high-pressure, J. Geol. Soc. China, 40, 453-467.
Par Michele Pinet, David C. Smith et Bernard Lasnier, La Microsonde Raman En Gemmologie, Associattion Francaise De Gemmologie.