臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

分散式物件技術在日益成熟之後，逐漸成為運算模式的主流。而W3C（World Wide Web Consortium）所制定的SOAP（Simple Object Access Protocol）是架構在XML（Extensible Markup Language）之上的分散式溝通協定，具有簡單、開放、標準化等特質。面對廣域網路的異質環境，若要實現分散式物件技術，SOAP會是一個真正跨平台、跨語言的解決方案。在這個新協定中，容錯技術的實作尚無標準，然而處於分散式環境的物件，可能因為主機故障或網路中斷等因素，無法正確運作。為了使系統能有更高的可用度（Availability），必須加入容錯技巧。
SOAP的規格定義中，並無物件註冊與找尋之相關規定，本論文乃提出具有容錯能力之Quorum-based Domain Name Service以實現此機制，並利用SOAP Message達成物件複製（Object Replication）。本系統內之物件皆以SOAP為訊息溝通協定，且已實現主體-備份（Primary-Backup）、動態投票（Dynamic Voting）、Quorum等不同的容錯策略，因此可稱為SOAP-based容錯物件服務平台。所有容錯策略均封裝在基礎類別（Base Class）中，應用物件開發人員可以利用繼承機制使其成果迅速獲得容錯能力。在電子商務領域中，容錯服務有其必要性，因此本平台可以應用於這類資訊系統的設計。最後，本論文實作了股市資訊、郵局帳號管理、聊天室等示範系統，藉以展現容錯平台之能力以及應用物件之實作方法。

With the rapid-growing popularity of distributed computing, a simple, open and standard protocol, SOAP (Simple object Access Protocol), over the interoperable environment is indispensable. Based on the technology of XML (Extensible markup language), SOAP will become a new cross-platform and cross-language solution of distributed computing. But, as an innovation standard for distributed computing, the lack of fault-tolerant ability for SOAP will limit its application. In order to increase the availability of business objects, an accretion of fault-tolerant capability on SOAP is essential.
Because of the shortage of Naming Service definition in SOAP specification, we propose a fault-tolerant Quorum-based Domain Name Service to meet this requirement. We use SOAP Message to realize object replication and inter-object communication, and then construct a SOAP-based Fault-tolerant Object Service Platform. It comprises base classes of Primary-Backup, Dynamic Voting and Quorum-based object. Taking advantage of object hierarchy, business object developers can build fault-tolerant object easily by inheritance mechanism. In the e-commerce transaction, fault-tolerant service is imperative; therefore our platform is necessary for enterprise-related information systems. We also implement some examples like Stock Quote, Post Office and Chat Room to demonstrate fault-tolerant ability of our platform and the practices of fault-tolerant business object.

附表目錄 III
附圖目錄 IV
第1章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景與動機 1
1-2 研究的重要性 4
1-3 相關研究情形 5
1-4 研究架構與流程 8
第2章 相關文獻探討 10
2-1 分散式容錯策略 10
2-1-1 Primary-Backup 10
2-1-2 Dynamic Voting 12
2-1-3 Quorum 16
2-1-4 容錯策略之比較 17
2-2 分散式系統平台 18
2-2-1 Tightly-coupled Distributed System: CORBA 18
2-2-2 Loosely-coupled Distributed System: SOAP 19
2-2-3 分散式系統平台之比較 21
第3章 XML-Based分散式容錯物件 25
3-1 分散式容錯物件結構與容錯服務 25
3-1-1 Primary-Backup 29
3-1-2 Dynamic Voting 29
3-1-3 Quorum 30
3-1-4 容錯策略的切換 35
3-2 分散式容錯物件服務 35
3-2-1 物件複製 36
3-2-2 物件位置伺服器(Domain Server) 39
3-2-3 容錯描述語言(FTDL)與物件觀察代理者 44
第4章 系統架構分析 47
4-1 系統架構 47
4-2 相關組件 50
4-2-1 物件管理員(Object Manager) 50
4-2-2 物件觀察代理者(Object Observer) 54
4-2-3 Apache SOAP Server 54
4-2-4 輔助組件集(Replica Utilities) 56
4-3 伺服端物件階層 56
4-3-1 Primary-Backup物件 57
4-3-2 Dynamic Voting物件 58
4-3-3 Quorum-based 物件 60
4-3-4 一般伺服端物件 62
4-3-5 容錯應用物件(Business Object) 62
4-4 客戶端物件階層 62
第5章 系統評估 64
5-1 系統環境及複製效能實測 64
5-1-1 單一複本之複製時間測試 64
5-1-2 多重複本之複製時間測試 67
5-2 程式實作 68
5-2-1 Primary-Backup 物件之應用 68
5-2-2 Dynamic Voting物件之應用 69
5-2-3 Quorum-based物件之應用 70
第6章 結論與未來發展方向 72
6-1 結論 72
6-2 未來發展方向 73
參考文獻 76
附錄1 系統執行圖例 78
附錄2 相關XML文件 85

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