臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

X-organ sinus gland complex屬於神經性內分泌系統，藉由分泌的GIH〈Gonad-inhibiting hormone〉來調控生殖器官的成熟速率。一般現場養殖多半是採用單側眼柄剪除配合生餌投餵來刺激種蝦的成熟和排卵，本實驗則欲研究添加固醇類賀爾蒙的人工飼料對塭池和野生草蝦卵巢成熟和產卵的影響，及對塭池白蝦卵巢成熟的影響。
實驗一將塭池和野生草蝦經眼柄剪除後，使用牡蠣和文蛤投餵野生草蝦，並使用四種不同固醇類賀爾蒙配方飼料〈[17α-hydroxyprogesterone]、[ progesterone ]、[17β-estradiol] and [17α-hydroxyprogesterone、progesterone、17β-estradiol and testosterone]〉分別投餵塭池草蝦。投餵生餌和複合性飼料的組別在產卵率、孵化率和產卵量上面的表現明顯優於其他處理組，其中，以投餵生餌的野生種蝦有最佳的產卵率和產卵量，而投餵複合性飼料的組別則有最佳的孵化率。
實驗二則將塭池草蝦依體型分為五組〈60g-80g、80g-100g、100g-
120g、120g-140g、140g-160g〉，經單側眼柄剪除後以複方飼料投餵，其中體型大於120g的組別，在產卵量和產卵比率上明顯優於其他處理組，而體型大於80g的雌蝦其成熟率皆可達將近200％以上，在孵化率方面則可達95％以上，且此一飼料配方所能處理的最小體型為80g。
實驗三中以複合性飼料和無添加賀爾蒙飼料配方投餵平均體重為25g的雌性白蝦，經過眼柄剪除後，皆可以達到100％的成熟率，而投餵複方飼料的組別則有較快的成熟速度和較佳的成熟比率，沒有經眼柄剪除處理的組別，無論所投餵的飼料中有無添加固醇類賀爾蒙，皆無法觀察到卵巢成熟的現象。

X-organ sinus gland complex, one of the neurosecretory system of crustaceans, secrets GIH (Gonad-inhibiting hormone) to regulate ovary maturation. Unilateral eyestalk ablation has been used to induce an accelerated ovarian maturation and spawning in bloodstocks. The effects of artificial diets supplemented with steroid hormone on the ovarian maturation and spawning in wild and pond shrimps Penaeus monodon, and the ovarian maturation of pond shrimps Litopenaeus vannamei were investigated in this study.
Wild eyestalk ablated, shrimps P. monodon were fed with oysters and clams, and eyestalk ablated pond shrimps P. monodon were fed four diets with steroid hormones, [17α-hydroxyprogesterone], [progesterone], [17β-estradiol] and [17α-hydroxyprogesterone, progesterone, 17β-estradiol and testosterone] in experiment 1. Adult shrimps treated with fresh food and diets with four steroid hormones had significantly higher spawning , hatching rate and spawning quantity than fed with the other diets. Wild adult shrimps fed with fresh food had a higher spawning rate and number of egg spent than pond adult shrimps. Pond adult shrimps fed with compound steroid hormone diet had a higher hatching rate than the other treatments.
Pond adult P. monodon were divided into five groups of body weight (60g-80g, 80g-100g, 100g-120g, 120g-140g, and 140g-160g) and fed with compound steroid hormone diet in experiment 2. Over 120g of the body weight had significantly higher spawning rate, spawning quantity and hatching rate than the other treatments. Females shrimps over 80g of the body weight had near 200% maturation rate and over 95% hatching rate. 80g of the body weight is the lowest treatment size with the compound steroid hormone diet in this experiment.
Female adult pond L. vannamei with a mean body weight of 25g were fed with compound steroid hormone diet and control diet (conducted no steroid hormone) in experiment 3. All the eyestalk ablated shrimps could reach ovarian maturation. However adult pond L. vannamei were fed with compound steroid hormone diet had a fast and a higher ovarian maturation rate. All females without eyestalk ablation had not found ovarian maturation, with compound steroid hormone diet or control diet treatment.

中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------iii
英文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------v
前言--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
文獻整理--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
一、草蝦-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3
二、白蝦-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4
三、卵黃生成作用-----------------------------------------------------------------------------8
四、眼柄內的賀爾蒙及其與生殖之關係-------------------------------------------------11
五、固醇類賀爾蒙----------------------------------------------------------------------------13
六、營養因子----------------------------------------------------------------------------------16
材料與方法----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
1.實驗生物--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
2.飼料配製--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
3.實驗設計--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------18
4.蓄養環境--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
5.實驗方法--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------19
結果-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
1.飼料中添加不同固醇類賀爾蒙對塭池雌性草蝦成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
2.應用人工飼料處理不同體重塭池雌性草蝦之成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------21
3.飼料中添加不同固醇類賀爾蒙對塭池雌性白蝦成熟的影響-----------------------23
討論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
1.飼料中添加不同固醇類賀爾蒙對塭池雌性草蝦成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------25
2.應用人工飼料處理不同體重塭池雌性草蝦之成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
3.飼料中添加不同固醇類賀爾蒙對塭池雌性白蝦成熟的影響-----------------------27
結論-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
未來研究方向-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
參考文獻-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
圖表-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------41
圖表頁次
表一、不同卵巢發育時期，草蝦體內的固醇類賀爾蒙的種類和含量-----------------41
表二、每公斤基本飼料所添加的固醇類的種類與添加量--------------------------------42
表三、飼料中添加不同固醇類賀爾蒙對塭池雌性草蝦成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------43
表四、應用人工飼料處理不同體重塭池雌性草蝦成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響--44
表五、白蝦卵巢成熟紀錄-----------------------------------------------------------------------45
表六、飼料中添加固醇類賀爾蒙對雌性白蝦成熟、產卵量和孵化率之影響--------48

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