臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究在探討含水硫酸銅對南美白對蝦（Litopenaeus vannamei）急慢性毒性之影響，其中包括：含水硫酸銅對白蝦之急性毒性、亞致死濃度下白蝦耗氧及排氨之影響、亞致死濃度下血淋巴組成之變化與血淋巴GOT、GPT、TG 與Glucose濃度之影響。72小時、96小時、120小時及144小時的半致死濃度分別為192.78、148.97、84.97與67.17 ppm；耗氧與排氨的情形，以較低濃度的銅離子會有耗氧和排氨上升的現象，當毒性濃度過高，則無明顯差異。滲透壓方面，於72、120及168小時硫酸銅處理後，由於蝦類對滲透壓的調節作用，血淋巴滲透壓隨外界硫酸銅濃度的增加而增加，血淋巴總蛋白質含量隨外界硫酸銅濃度的增加而降低；在離子調節方面，隨著外界硫酸銅濃度的增加，鈉、鉀及氯之一價離子有上升的趨勢，鈣離子則有下降的趨勢；在銅的毒性影響下，血淋巴GPT的含量於72、120及168小時，45和75ppm濃度處理組有下降的現象，血淋巴葡萄糖及三甘油脂含量隨著銅離子濃度的增加而降低，可能為蝦體為適應外界毒性，轉而利用血淋巴中葡萄糖及三甘油脂作為能量消耗之來源。

Abstract
The research was studied on the acute and chronic toxic effect of copper sulphate 5-hydrate (CuSO4‧5H2O) to white shrimp ( Liptopenaeus vannamei ). The 50% lethal concentration (LC50), oxygen consumption rates, nitrogen excretion rates, and the compositions of haemolymph were measured in L. vannamei exposed to different concentration CuSO4‧5H2O. The 72hr, 96hr, 120hr and 144hr LC50 of CuSO4‧5H2O to L. vannamei were 192.78, 148.97, 84.97 and 67.17ppm, respectively. The oxygen consumption and nitrogen excretion of L. vannamei were higher in low concentration medium than the other treatment, but no significant effect in high concentration medium. In osmoregulation, the haemolymph osmolarity increased and the total protein concentration decreased with an increase in CuSO4‧5H2O concentration. In ions regulation, following increased CuSO4‧5H2O concentration, sodium, potassium and chloride ions increased, but calcium decreased. When exposed to 45ppm and 75ppm CuSO4‧5H2O 72hr、120hr and 168hr later, L. vannamei haemolymph GPT concentration decreased with an increase in CuSO4‧5H2O concentration. Haemolymph glucose and triglycerids concentration decreased with an increase in CuSO4‧5H2O concentration which may be due to in adaptation for copper toxicity, and use to as energy sources to maintain biological functions.

目錄
頁次：
目錄--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I
圖次 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------II
表次-------------------------------------------------------------------------------IV
中文摘要--------------------------------------------------------------------------V
英文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------VI
前言---------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
文獻整理---------------------------------------------------------------------------4
材料方法--------------------------------------------------------------------------13
結果--------------------------------------------------------------------------------22
討論--------------------------------------------------------------------------------29
結論--------------------------------------------------------------------------------35
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------------38
圖次
圖一、不同硫酸銅濃度處理海水pH值變化-------------------------------50
圖二A、同一時間（6小時）內於不同濃度含水硫酸銅曝露24小時後白蝦單位耗氧量--------------------------------------------------------------51
圖二B、不同濃度含水硫酸銅曝露24小時後白蝦累積單位耗氧量--52
圖三、不同濃度硫酸銅處理24小時後白蝦致死DO值與存活時間--53
圖四、不同濃度硫酸銅處理白蝦致死DO值與存活時間---------------54
圖五A、同一時間（6小時）內於不同濃度含水硫酸銅曝露24小時後白蝦單位排氨量--------------------------------------------------------------55
圖五B、不同濃度含水硫酸銅曝露24小時後白蝦累積單位排氨量--56
圖六、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴滲透壓變化--------------57
圖七、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴總蛋白變化--------------58
圖八A、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴鈉離子變化-----------59
圖八B、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴鉀離子變化-----------60
圖八C、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴氯離子變化-----------61
圖九A、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴鈣離子變化-----------62
圖九B、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴鎂離子變化-----------63
圖十A、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴GOT變化------------64
圖十B、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴GPT變化-------------65
圖十一、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴葡萄糖變化----------66
圖十二、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴三甘油脂變化-------67
圖十三、不同濃度含水硫酸銅處理白蝦血淋巴帶氧血藍素變化----68
表次
表一、銅-銅離子對甲殼類生物的影響-------------------------------------69
表二A、 急性毒性實驗【一】結果----------------------------------------70
表二B、 急性毒性實驗【二】結果----------------------------------------71
表三、 急性毒性實驗結果----------------------------------------------------72
表四、重金屬-銅（Cu2+）對蝦類之半致死濃度-------------------------73

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