臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

影響混凝土耐久性的因素可分為材料因素及環境因素。材料因素包括水灰比、水泥種類、骨材、礦物摻料（如飛灰、矽灰、爐石粉等）及添加劑等；而環境因素包括溼度、二氧化碳濃度、氯離子濃度及溫度。本研究利用多種試驗如混凝土抗壓強度試驗、吸水率試驗、快速氯離子滲透試驗、氯離子擴散試驗、氯離子溶液浸泡試驗、氣體滲透試驗、中性化深度試驗、混凝土電阻率試驗及電化學腐蝕試驗等來探討混凝土的耐久性及影響混凝土耐久性的材料因素及環境因素，研究結果可做為混凝土構造物耐久性設計或評估的依據。
研究結果顯示水灰比仍然是影響混凝土強度及耐久性的關鍵因素。使用卜作嵐材料取代部分水泥之混凝土除具有較佳力學性質外，並有較低滲透性。其中矽灰比飛灰較為顯著；在相同取代量下，飛灰與爐石粉混合取代水泥之混凝土不管是抗壓強度、電荷通過量、擴散係數、電阻率及吸水率等均優於單以飛灰取代水泥之混凝土。水灰比相同而水泥用量不同時，混凝土之孔隙隨水泥用量降低而增加；當粗骨材粒徑較大時，混凝土之氣體滲透係數與氯離子擴散係數也相對增加。試驗結果亦顯示不能單以抗壓強度做為混凝土耐久性評估指標。
研究結果顯示水灰比高者中性化（碳化）速率較快，且中性化速率隨著二氧化碳濃度提高而上升；在相同二氧化碳濃度加速作用下，相對濕度為55%時，混凝土中性化速率較快且飛灰取代水泥量20%之試體中性化深度較其他試體深。此外，中性化混凝土試體的抗壓強度、劈裂強度、氧氣滲透係數及電阻係數皆提高，而吸水率、電荷通過量皆降低並隨著飛灰取代水泥量的增加而減少；另腐蝕速率隨著中性化時間的增加而增加。

Durability is a major concern for concrete structures exposed to aggressive environments. Factors to be considered in concrete durability include constituent materials, construction processes, and the environment to which the concrete structure is exposed. This study includes two parts: one is focused on the influence of constituent materials on concrete durability, the other is focused on carbonation, chloride ion penetration, and gas permeation in concrete. Compressive strength test, tensile splitting strength test, absorption test, rapid chloride penetration test（RCPT）, chloride ion diffusion test, salt ponding test, resistivity test, gas permeability test, and electrochemical test were performed in sequence to estimate concrete durability.
Test results show that the water/binder ratio is still a key factor affecting the strength and durability of concrete. The application of pozzolanic materials can reduce ion and gas permeability and improve the mechanical properties of concrete, and silica fume is more beneficial than fly ash. The amount of charge-passed and diffusion coefficient of concrete decrease by increasing fly ash replacement for cement. Absorption and resistivity increase with an increase in fly ash addition. Concretes using fly ash and slag are more beneficial than those only with fly ash for a given water/binder ratio. Moreover, the cement content and the maximum aggregate size are also significant factors affecting concrete durability. Carbonation at early age may compensate several concrete properties such as compressive strength, tensile splitting strength, electrical resistance and chloride ions penetration. The carbonation depth of concrete is also controlled by the water/binder ratio. The carbonation depth increases with increasing exposure time and the carbon dioxide concentration increases the carbonation depth for all mixtures. For a given carbon dioxide concentration, the carbonation depth increases with increasing fly ash addition and rate. In addition, concrete carbonation enhances the corrosion rate of reinforcement according to the electrochemical test results. And corrosion rate of reinforcing steel decreases as the fly ash replacement for cement increases.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
謝誌 iv
目錄 vi
圖目錄 x
表目錄 xiv
第一章 緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究範圍 2
1.4研究方法與流程 4
第二章 文獻回顧 6
2.1混凝土耐久性 6
2.2組成材料對混凝土耐久性之影響 8
2.3配比設計對混凝土耐久性之影響 11
2.4環境因素對混凝土耐久性之影響 12
2.5中性化對混凝土耐久性之影響 15
2.6鋼筋混凝土腐蝕行為 16
2.6.1鋼筋混凝土的劣化機理 16
2.6.2混凝土中鋼筋的腐蝕機理 17
2.6.3 腐蝕電化學 18
第三章 基本理論 23
3.1前言 23
3.2混凝土傳輸機理與定義 24
3.2.1 擴散 24
3.2.2 滲透 26
3.2.3 毛細吸附 28
3.2.4 遷移 29
3.3混凝土中不同傳輸參數之關係 30
3.4影響混凝土傳輸特性之參數 32
3.4.1 影響水及氣體滲透之參數 32
3.4.2 影響吸水率之參數 34
3.5 混凝土中性化速率 35
3.6混凝土的微觀結構與性質 37
3.6.1 孔隙尺寸對傳輸性質之影響 38
3.6.2 孔隙連通性對傳輸性質之影響 40
3.6.3 混凝土孔隙結構 41
第四章 試驗計畫 43
4.1試驗變數 43
4.2試驗材料與配比 45
4.3試驗設備 54
4.4試驗方法 65
4.5試體準備 74
第五章 試驗結果與討論 75
5.1 前言 75
5.2 不同配比混凝土強度及耐久性 75
5.2.1 抗壓強度 75
5.2.2 吸水率 79
5.2.3 氯離子滲透 81
5.2.4 氯離子擴散 87
5.2.5 氯離子溶液浸泡 89
5.2.6 氣體滲透 92
5.2.7 電阻率 94
5.3組成材料因子與混凝土耐久性之關係 95
5.3.1 水灰比與耐久性之關係 96
5.3.2 水泥量與耐久性之關係 96
5.3.3 骨材粒徑與耐久性之關係 98
5.3.4 添加卜作嵐材料與耐久性之關係 99
5.4不同試驗法之相關性及混凝土耐久性評估 102
5.4.1氯離子快速滲透試驗與導電度及初始電流之關係 102
5.4.2氯離子快速滲透試驗與氯離子溶液浸泡試驗之關係 104
5.5環境因素對混凝土中性化之影響 105
5.5.1 二氧化碳濃度與中性化深度之關係 106
5.5.2相對溼度與中性化深度之關係 109
5.6中性化對混凝土力學性質之影響 113
5.6.1壓力強度 113
5.6.2劈裂強度 116
5.7 中性化對混凝土傳輸特性之影響 118
5.7.1中性化與氯離子滲透之關係 118
5.7.2中性化與混凝土電阻係數之關係 124
5.7.3中性化與混凝土吸水率之關係 126
5.7.4中性化對混凝土氣體滲透之影響 127
5.8中性化對混凝土中鋼筋腐蝕之影響 129
第六章 結論與建議 138
6.1 結論 138
6.2 建議 140
參 考 文 獻 141

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