臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈉的最適需求量以及飼料中鉀含量對吳郭魚稚魚鈉需求之影響。研究一將吳郭魚飼育於淡水（平均初重0.680.02 g）及海水（平均初重0.700.01 g）之密閉循環系統中八週，並分別餵以含0、0.5、1、2、3、5、7、10 g Na/kg diet及0、0.2、0.5、0.8、1.2、1.5、2、3 g Na/kg diet之飼料，每日餵食量為5%之魚體濕重，每組皆三重複。結果顯示淡水飼育吳郭魚其增重百分率、飼料效率及蛋白質有效率，皆以餵食未添加鈉組顯著（P＜0.05）低於餵食2 g Na/kg diet組。鰓絲中鈉-鉀腺苷三磷酸酶活性以餵食未添加鈉組及0.5 g Na/kg diet組顯著的高於餵食1、2及3 g Na/kg diet各組。血液中鈉含量與飼料中鈉添加量呈正相關性。海水飼育下吳郭魚之上述成長及生化指標上在各組之間皆無差異（P＞0.05）。體重增重百分率、鰓絲中鈉-鉀腺苷三磷酸酶活性以及體內的鈉平衡對飼料實際鈉含量分別以Broken-line及直線迴歸分析求得淡水飼育吳郭魚稚魚鈉之最適需求量為1.1-1.7 g/kg diet；而海水飼育之吳郭魚其飼料中不需添加鈉。研究二吳郭魚（平均初重0.71  0.01 g）飼料中鈉含量不足（0.5 g/kg diet）下分別添加鉀0、1、2、3、4、5及8 g/kg diet等七組，另以含1.5 g Na/kg及2.0 g K/kg diet作為對照，總計八組，飼養環境與條件與研究一相同。結果顯示吳郭魚之增重百分率、飼料效率及蛋白質有效率皆以餵食未添加鉀組顯著低於餵食4 g K/kg diet與對照組，對照組鰓絲中鈉-鉀腺苷三磷酸酶活性顯著的高於其餘各組，血液中鉀含量與飼料中鉀添加量呈正相關。吳郭魚之增重百分率及魚體內的鉀平衡對飼料實際鉀含量分別以Broken-line及直線迴歸分析求得最適需求量為3.6-4.2 g/kg diet，顯示當提高飼料中之鉀含量（由2.0至3.9 g/kg）時，降低飼料中鈉的含量（由1.5至0.5 g/kg）不會影響吳郭魚的成長，亦即吳郭魚飼料中鉀具有節約鈉需求之效用。

Two studies were conducted to determine the dietary sodium (Na) requirement in juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus, reared either in fresh water or sea water (Experiment I) and to elucidate the relationship of dietary Na and potassium (K) in tilapia (Experiment II). In Experiment I, basal diet with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 10 g Na/kg diet (fresh water) and 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, 1.2, 1.5, 2, 3 g Na/kg diet (sea water) were each fed to triplicate groups of fish with initial body weight 0.680.02g (fresh water) and 0.700.01g (sea water). When reared in fresh water, higher (P<0.05) weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) were observed in fish fed diet supplemented with 2 g Na/kg diet than fish fed the Na unsupplemented diet. Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity were lower in fish fed the diets supplemented with 1, 2 and 3 g Na/kg diets than fish fed 0.5 g Na/kg diet and the Na unsupplemented diet. Blood Na concentration in fish increased as dietary Na level increased. Analysis of WG, Na+-K+ ATPase activity by broken-line and whole body Na retention by linear regression in fish indicated that the adequate dietary Na requirement for tilapia is 1.1-1.7 g/kg diet. In Experiment II, basal diet containing suboptimum Na (0.5 g/kg) supplemented with 7 levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 8 g/kg) of K together with the control diet (containing 1.5g Na/kg, 2.0 K/kg) were each fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (0.710.01g). WG, FE and PER were lower in fish fed the K unsupplemented diet than in fish fed diets supplemented with 4 g K/kg diet and the control diet (i.e. 1.5g Na/kg, 2.0 K/kg). Gill Na+-K+ ATPase activity were higher in fish fed the control diet than all the other dietary groups. Blood K concentration in fish increased as dietary K level increased. Analysis of WG by broken-line and whole body K retention by linear regression indicated that the adequate dietary K requirement for tilapia is 3.6-4.2 g/kg diet. These data indicate that reducing Na (from 1.5 to 0.5 g/kg) by increasing K (from 2.0 to 3.9 g/kg) in the diet did not impare tilapia growth suggesting that K has sparing effect on Na requirement in tilapia.

總摘要（中文） ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ I
總摘要（英文） ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ II
文獻整理 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 1
研究一：淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈉之最適需求量
摘要 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 17
前言 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 18
材料與方法 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 20
結果 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 35
討論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 54
研究二：飼料中鉀含量對吳郭魚稚魚鈉需求影響之探討
摘要 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 62
前言 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 63
材料與方法 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 65
結果 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 78
討論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 89
總結論 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 95
參考文獻 ּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּּ 96

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