臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

為了瞭解近岸及陸棚海域優勢纖毛蟲族群的時空變化與在碳循環中所佔的地位，本論文研究於基隆近岸與東海陸棚中進行了一系列的實驗，除了觀察纖毛蟲數量在不同的季節與空間上的變化情形之外，並利用螢光顆粒標定法測定纖毛蟲對於聚球藻的攝食速率，藉由這些測量可以歸納出纖毛蟲的食性及族群消長的控制因子，並估測纖毛蟲對有機碳的傳輸量。在食物顆粒的大小與種類的選擇上，寡毛目纖毛蟲對於直徑2 mm的食物顆粒會表現出最高的攝食速率，而對於大小相同的食物顆粒，無論是塑膠微粒或是藻類細胞，則沒有選擇性攝食的現象。在光強度對纖毛蟲攝食速率上，單種培養的纖毛蟲Lohmanniella sp.的攝食率在光強度超過57 mEs-1m-2時，會明顯而迅速的受到光強度的抑制而與纖毛蟲本身細胞內週日行生理時鐘的控制無關。不過光強度卻沒有對於野外纖毛蟲在攝食率上造成明顯的差異。在溫度方面，纖毛蟲在15℃下沒有攝食螢光綠藻的現象，而當溫度高於20℃後，攝食率會明顯增加，這個高攝食率會一直維持到25℃及30℃，沒有明顯的改變。在近岸生態系中纖毛蟲數量有明顯的季節性變化，冬季與夏季的平均數量分別為46與230 ciliates l-1。其中寡毛目纖毛蟲的數量明顯多於類鈴蟲目。在秋季東海陸棚的生態系中，纖毛蟲的分佈是由沿岸的53 ciliates l-1，逐漸的向外海增加，在第九測站達到1632 ciliates l-1，但到了接近陸棚邊緣附近，又開始下降。寡毛目纖毛蟲的數量佔全體纖毛蟲的82% 到 100%，在陸棚的中央會出現較高的數量，然後向東西兩側遞減。寡毛目纖毛蟲的體型大小在陸棚的分布上有相當大的變異，沿岸區體長介於5 mm到15 mm的纖毛蟲較多，佔全體纖毛蟲的數量百分比可高達87％。無論在近岸及陸棚生態系中，纖毛蟲的數量與溫度之間並沒有明顯的相關存在，而是與聚球藻在數量上有明顯的正相關存在。在基隆近岸海域中，纖毛蟲的攝食率在水溫較低的冬季是受到溫度的控制，只有4 cells ciliate-1h-1左右，而在其他溫度較高的季節則是受到聚球藻濃度的控制，最高可達55 cells ciliate-1h-1。而在東海陸棚生態系中，纖毛蟲的攝食率也明顯的受到聚球藻數量變化的控制。由此已經設立一個數學模式利用水溫與聚球藻數量來推測纖毛蟲的攝食率(IR=0.0148× 0.7231×（T-15）/【1.871+（T-15）】，而在東海陸棚上，纖毛蟲攝食率的增加則是因為聚球藻的數量增加，而纖毛蟲數量則是因為本身攝食率的增加所造成的。在近岸生態系中，纖毛蟲對於聚球藻的捕食率介於0 到0.011 d-1之間，而所能夠傳輸的有機碳全年積分值為11 mg C m-3yr-1，而在陸棚生態系中，纖毛蟲對於聚球藻生物量的捕食率介於0 d-1到0.04 d-1之間，而所能夠傳輸的有機碳量只有0.1 mg C m-3d-1，顯示無論在基隆近岸或是東海陸棚上，纖毛蟲都只能夠消耗掉極少部分的聚球藻族群而無法對於聚球藻的數量造成明顯的變動。所以在微生物迴路中，聚球藻的有機碳勢必無法大量的透過纖毛蟲的捕食作用而傳遞到捕食食物鏈。對聚球藻有機碳而言，微生物迴路將會是一個沉落(sink)的途徑。

目 錄
章節 頁次
壹、第一章 緒論 1
貳、第二章 近岸海域優勢纖毛蟲攝食特性的探討
前言 9
材料與方法 13
結果 21
討論 26
參、第三章 近岸生態系中纖毛蟲對於聚球藻捕食率的季節性變化
前言 31
材料與方法 34
結果 37
討論 41
肆、第四章 陸棚生態系中纖毛蟲對於聚球藻捕食率的空間變化
前言 48
材料與方法 51
結果 53
討論 56
伍、第五章 總結 60
陸、參考文獻 63

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