臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

組織內個別單位能夠提供更多的創新與更好的績效，假如他們佔據核心網絡地位而存取由其他單位所創造出的新知識。然而，這種效應是依靠組織吸收知識的能力或技能以成功的複製新知識。本研究以國內海運業為例，經由整理過去相關文獻，並且從網絡的觀點出發，探討網絡核心性與吸收能力在組織內各別部門創新與績效上所扮演的角色；同時以吸收能力為中介變項，探討其是否會在核心性與創新績效間存在中介效果。
分析之結果發現，個別單位之外部知識存取是由其網絡地位來描述的。藉由佔有一個比較核心的位置，單位可能比較容易從其他單位中獲取有效的知識；而單位之內部學習與吸收能力決定了部門可以從其他單位吸收新知識的程度，高的吸收能力創造好的機會以成功地運用新知識，並且激發較多的創新與較好的營運績效。網絡核心性對部門創新與績效同時也存在顯著之間接效果，也就是說，網絡核心性會透過吸收能力間接強化部門創新與績效。因而研究結果建議部門或組織在擴展其網絡之連結時，必須留意其本身吸收能力之培養。

Organization units can produce more innovation and enjoy better performance if they occupy central network position that provide access to new knowledge developed by other units. The effect, however, depends on units’ absorptive capacity, or ability to successful replicate new knowledge. After reviewing the relevant literature, in this study, we take shipping industry for example and try to explore the role that network centrality and absorptive capacity play in unit’s innovation and performance. In the other hand, we also introduce absorptive capacity as media variance into the model and survey the mediating effect between network centrality and unit’s innovation and performance.
A unit’s external knowledge access is characterized by its network position. By occupying acentral network position, a unit is likely to access useful knowledge from other units. An organization unit’s internal learning capacity determines the extent to which it can absorptive new knoeledge from other units. High aborrptive capacity is associated with a better chance to successfully apply new knowledge toward commercial ends, producing more innovations and better business performance. Additionally, there exists indirect effect between network centrality and unit’s innovation and performance, that is, thorugh absorptive capacity netwok centrality will enhance unit’s innovation and performance. Hence, the result suggests that a unit or organization has to invest significantly in its absorptive capacity when expending its network links.

目錄
謝辭 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
表目錄 V
圖目錄 VI
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 問題說明 1
第二節 研究觀念性架構與變項之操作性定義 4
第二章 文獻探討 7
第一節 網絡核心性之相關文獻探討 7
第二節 吸收能力之相關文獻探討 12
第三節 創新之相關文獻探討 17
第四節 績效之相關文獻探討 22
第五節 各變項關聯性之相關文獻探討 27
第三章 研究設計 31
第一節 研究假說之建立 31
第二節 研究對象基本資料分析 35
第三節 衡量工具 38
第四節 統計分析工具 41
第四章 實證結果與分析 43
第一節 網絡核心性與部門創新、績效之影響關係 43
第二節 吸收能力與部門創新、績效之影響關係 46
第三節 網絡核心性、吸收能力與部門創新、績效之徑路關係分析 53
第五章 結論與建議 57
第一節 研究結論 57
第二節 研究限制與建議 61
參考文獻 63
附錄 69

中文部分
1.日比宗平，（民76），「部門績效評估實務」，台北：臺華出版社。
2.王振州（民89），「知識整合與新產品開發績效之研究--動態能力觀 點」，中原大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
3.艾國強等，（民81）「業績‧薪資‧獎金」，台北：書泉出版社。
4.吳明隆（民89）,「SPSS統計應用實務」，台北：松崗電腦圖書資料股份有限公司。
5.吳思華（民87），「知識流通對產業創新的影響」，第七屆產業管理研討會論文集，1∼40。
6.吳聰賢（民75），「組織效能之分析：台灣省基層農會之實證研究」，中央研究院民族學研究所集刊，61，129-181。
7.李明鈐（民90），「組織內成員政治行為與單位績效之關係研究─以M公司為例」，中山大學人力資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
8.李國瑜（民90），「知識移轉的整合模式--知識特性、吸收能力與社會資本」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版之博士論文。
9.杜長樹（民89），「服務業知識管理創新與經營」，台北大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文
10.沈明權（民88），「個人特質、組織特性與組織創新之研究」，中央大學人力資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
11.沈淑慧（民90），「組織成員溝通網絡角色與組織承諾之研究--以某地區教學醫院為例」，台北護理學院醫護管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
12.汪昭芬（民89），「組織學習、知識創造、知識蘊蓄與創新績效之關聯性研究: 科技製造業、一般製造業及服務業之實證」，成功大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
13.林育理（民90）「企業研發部門知識學習能力、組織能耐與研發績效關係模式之研究--高科技產業之實證」，長榮管理學院經營管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
14.林威延（民90），「組織吸收能力在提升技術創新能力過程中所扮演角色之探討」，台灣科技大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
15.林義屏（民90），「市場導向、組織學習、組織創新與組織績效間關係之研究--以科學園區資訊電子產業為例」，中山大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
16.紀經紹（民74），「價值革新與創造力啟發」，台北：商州。
17.高秀如（民90），「以資源基礎觀點探討航空貨運承攬業核心能力及其對營運績效影響之研究」，海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
18.張文菁（民90），「企業特性、人力資本、產業環境與組織績效之相關性研究」，中山大學人力資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
19.張劭勳、張劭評、林秀娟（民89），「SPSS FOR WINDOW－統計分析、初等統計與高等統計」，台北：松岡電腦圖書資訊股份有限公司，第四版。
20.張苙雲，（民79），「組織社會學」，台北：三民書局。
21.許強（民89），「吸收能力、網絡關係與企業創新之關聯」，政治大學企業管理研究所未出版碩士論文。
22.許嘉文（民90），「國際化資源聯結特性、能力提昇與廠商產業網絡地位之關係研究」，暨南大學國際企業研究所未出班之碩士論文。
23.湯昇玉（民80），「增進組織績效因素之分析」，研考雙月刊，154，51-57。
24.黃俊英（民87），「多變量分析第七版」，華泰書局。
25.楊逸民（民89），「資訊化組織員工人際關係網絡對工作滿足與組織承諾的影─與科層式組織之比較」，元智大學資訊社會研究所未出版之碩士論文。
26.劉致豪（民89），「組織間網絡關係對組織變革決策之影響研究─以台灣地區海運相關行業為例」，海洋大學航運管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
27.劉碧琴（民88），「個人創越、企業文化對組織創新的影響」，中央大學人力資源管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
28.蔡勇美 郭文雄，「都市社會學」，台北：巨流圖書公司。
29.蔡勇美（民71），「社群網絡概念之理論及其在社會學之應用」，東海社會學評論第一期，15-32。
30.蔡啟通（民89），「組織因素、組織成員整體創造性與組織創新之關係」，台灣大學商學研究所博士論文（1997）。
31.鄭睿祺（民90），「吸收能力、轉換能力與組織創新之關聯性研究」，銘傳大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文。
32.賴士葆、王秉鈞、黃佑安（民86），「創新能力與新產品研發過程關係之研究」，1997年科技管理研討會論文集。
33.謝甄晏（民90），「市場導向、市場知識管理、產品創新與績效之實證研究--以台灣高科技產業為例」，雲林科技大學企業管理研究所未出版之碩士論文。
34.羅育如（民90），「以知識市場效率性觀點探討組織內部知識創造績效」，義守大學管理科學研究所未出版之碩士論文。
英文部分
1.Andrew D. Szilagyi, Jr（1984），”Management & Performance” Taipei, Taiwan : Hwa Tai.
2.Astley, W. G., & Sachdeva, P. S., (1984),”Structural sources of intraorganizational power: A theoretical synthesis”, Academy of Management Review, 9 : 104-113.
3.Bacharach, Samuel & Lawer E., (1980),“Power and Politics in Organizations”, San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
4.Benson, J. K., (1975), “The Inter organizational Networks as a Political Economy”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 20: 229-249
5.Bonacich, P., (1987), “Power and centrality : A family of measures.” American Journal Sociology, 5:1170-1182.
6.Burt, R. S., (1982), “Toward a Structural Theory of Action”, New York: Academic Press.
7.Campell, J.P., (1977),”On the nature of organizational effectiveness：New perspective on organization”, San Francisco：Jossey-Bass.
8.Chacke,G.K.,(1988),Technology Management—Application to Coporate Markets and Military Missions, New York: Praeger.
9.Cohen, W., & Levinthal, D., (1990), “Absorptive capacity: A new perspective on learning and innovation”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 128-152.
10.Cook, K. S. & Emerson, R. M., (1978), “Power, Equity, and Commitmentin Exchange Networks”, American Sociologival Review, 43: 721-738.
11.Cook, K.S., (1977),”Exchange and Power in Networks of Inter organizational Relatios”, Sociological Quarterly, 18: 62-82.
12.Daft, R. L., (1978), “A Dual-core Model of Organizational Innovation,” Academy of Management Journal, 21: 193-210.
13.Damanpour, Fariborz (1991), “Organizational Innovation: A Meta-Analysis of Effects of Determinants and Moderators”, Academy of Management Journal, 34: 555-590.
14.Dougherty, D. & Bowman E. H., (1995), “The Effect of Organizational Down sizing of Product Innovation”, California Management Review, 37(4): 28-44.
15.Drucker, P.F., (1985),“Innovation and entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles”, London : Heinemann.
16.Ford, J. D. & D. A., (1982), "Conceptual issues of linkage in assessment of organization performance", Academy of Management Reviews, 7: 49-58.
17.Frankle, (1990), E.G., Management of Technological Change, Kluwer Academic.
18.Freeman, L. C., (1979),”Centrality in social networks: Conceptual clarification. Social Networks”, 1: 215-239.
19.Frost, P.J., & Egri, C. P., (1991),The political process of innovation In L L.Cummings & B. M. Staw(Eds.), Research in organizational behavior,13:229-295. Greewich, CT: AI Press.
20.Galbraith, J. R., (1977), Organizational design Reading, MA: Addition-Wesley.
21.Georgoupoulos, B. A., & Tannenbaun, A., (1957),” The Study Of Organizational effectiveness”, Administrative Sociological Review, 22: 534-540.
22.Georgoupoulos, B.A., & Tannenbaun, A., (1957) “The Study Of Organizational effectiveness Administrative “, Sociological Review, 22: 534-540.
23.Granovetter, Mark, (1973), “The Strength of Weak Tie”, American Journal of Sociology, 78: 1360-80.
24.Gresov, C., & Stephens, C. (1993),” The context of inter-unit influence attempts”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 38: 252-276.
25.Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V. G. (1986), “Resource sharing among SBUs: Strategic antecedents and administrative implication”, Academy of Management Journal, 29: 895-714.
26.Gupta, A. K., & Govindarajan, V. G., (1984), “Business unit strategy, managerial characteristics, and business unit level effectiveness at strategy implementation”, Academy of Management Journal, 27: 25-41
27.Hage, J. & M. Aiken (1970), “Social Chang e in Complex Organizations”.
28.Hage, J., (1980), “Theories of Organizations”, New York: Wiley.
29.Hansen, M. T., (1999), “The search-transfer problem: The role weak ties in sharing knowledge across organizational subunits”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 44: 82-111.
30.Holt, K., (1983), Product Innovation Management,Butterworths, 2nd ed..
31.Hrebiniak, L. G., & Alutto, J. A., (1972), “Personal and role-related factors in the development of organizational commitment”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 17:555-573.
32.Hubber, G. P., (1991), “Organizational learning: The contributing processes and literature”, Organization Science, 2: 88-125.
33.Ibarra, Herminia （1993）”Network Centrality, Power, and Innovation Involvement: Determinants of Technical and Administrative Roles”, Academy of Management Journal,36(3): 471-501.
34.Johanson J. & Mattsson, L. G., (1987), “Interorganizational Relations in Industrial Systems: A Network Approach Compared with the Transaction Cost Approach”, International Studies of Management and Organization, 17:34-48.
35.Knight, K. E. (1967), “A Descriptive Model of the Intra-Firm Innovation Process,” Journal of Business, 14: 478-496.
36.Knoke, D. & Kuklinski, J. H., (1982), "Network Analysis: basic concepts " London: SAGE Publications Ltd, 173-182.
37.Kought, B., & Zander, U., (1992),“Knowledge of the firm, combinative capacities and the replication of technology”, Organization Science, 3: 383-397.
38.Krackhardt, D., & Kiduff, M., (1989), “Friendship patterns and culture The control of organizational diversity”, American Antropologist, 92: 142-154.
39.Krackhardt, D., (1990),” Assessing the Political Landscape: Structure, Cognition, and Power in Organizations”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 35: 342-369.
40.Leonard-Barton, D., (1995)”, Wellsprings of Knowledge: Building and Sustaining the Sources of Innovation”, Harvard Business School Press, pp.3-28.
41.Lincoln, J. R. & Miller, J., (1979),”Work and friendship ties in organizations: A comparative analysis of relational networks”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 24:181-199
42.Lumpkin, G. T. & G. G. Dess, (1996), “Clarifying the Entrepreneurial Orientation Construct and Linking it to Performance,” Academy of Management Review, 21(1): 135-172.
43.M.S. Kassem & M. A. Moursi, (1971), “Managerial Effectiveness”, Academy of Management Journal 381-388
44.Mansfield, E., (1968), “The Economics of Technological Change”, New York : Norton:32.
45.Miller, J., (1980),” Access to inter organizational networks as a professional resource”, American Sociological Review, 25: 704-713.
46.Mitchill, J C., (1969),The Concept and Use of Social Network 20-40 in J. Dlyde Mitchill (ed) Social Network in Urban Situations Manchester, England : Manchester University Press.
47.Penrose, E. T., (1959), The Theory of the Growth of the Firm, New York: John Wiley.
48.Powell, W., (1987),"Hybrid Organizational Arrangements : New Form or Transitional Development?”, California Management Review,30: 67-87
49.Robbins, S.P.(1990), “Organization theory：Structure, Design and applications（5th.ed）Englewood Cliffs”, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.
50.Rothwell, W. & Kazanas, H., (1988), Strategic human resources planning and management. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
51.Schumpeter, J. M. (1934), “The Theory of Economic Developmen”, Harvard University Press.
52.Senge, P. M., (1992),”Building learning organizations”, The Journal for Quality and Participation, 15(2): 30-39.
53.Szulanski, G., (1996),”Exploring stickiness: impediments to the transfer of best practice within the firm”. Strategic Management Journal, 17(winter special issue): 27-43.
54.Teece, D.J., (1998),”Capturing value from knowledge assets : The new economy , markets for know-how, and intangible assets”, California Management Review, 40: 55-79.
55.Thorelli, H.B., (1986), "Networks: Between Markets and Hierarchies" Strategic Management Journal, 7: 37-51.
56.Tichy, N. M., Tushman, M. L., Fombrun, C., (1979), “Social Network Analysis for Organization”, Academy of Management Review, 4: 507-519.
57.Tsai, W., & Ghoshal, S., (1998), “Social capital and value creation: The role of Intrafirm networks”, Academy of Management Journal, 41:464-476.
58.Tsai, W., (2000) , “Social capacity, strategic relatedness and the formation of intraorganizational linkage”, Strategic Management Journal, 21: 925-939.
59.Uzzi, Brian, (1997), "Social Structure and Competition in Interfirm Networks: The Paradox of Embeddedness", Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1997.
60.Van de Ven, A., (1986),Central problem in the management of innovation. Management Science, 32: 590-607.
61.Volberda, Henk W., Van Den Bosch, Frans A. J.& Boer, De Michiel,(1999), “Managing Organizational Knowledge Integration in the Emerging Multimedia Complex”, Journal of Management Studies , 36(3): 379-398.
62.Von Hippel, E., (1994), ”’Sticky information’” and the locus of problem solving: Implications for innovation”, Management Science, 40: 429-430.
63.Wernerfelt, Birger, (1984), “A Resource-bassed Vies of the Firm, Strategic”. Management Journal, 5: 71-180
64.Wood E., (1998), “Determinants of Innovation in SME’s”, See Michie and Smith, 119-145.
65.Zaltman, G., R. Duncan, and J. Holbek, (1973), “Innovation and Organizations”, New York：John Wiley and Sons, Inc.
66.Zammuto R, O’Connor E., (1992),” Gaining Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Benefits: The Role of Organizational Design and Culture”, Academy Management Review, 17: 701-728.
67.Gupta & Govindarajan (1991), “Knowledge Flows and the Structure of Control within Multinational Corporations”, Academy of Management Review, 16 (4): 768~792.