臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣海峽水文環境主要受中國沿岸流、南海表層水及黑潮支流之影響。本研究於2001年5月21∼23日及2002年1月4∼5日分別配合海研二號774航次與海研一號635航次，針對台灣海峽內不同水團之水文與生物進行研究，藉以了解不同水團間橈腳類之分布特性。
由橈腳類之鑑定共發現5目25科46屬126種。台灣海峽北部5月間主要優勢橈腳類為Temora turbinata、Paracalanus parvus、Canthocalanus pauper、Acrocalanus gibber及Euchaeta sp.;海峽南部1月間主要優勢橈腳類為Euchaeta sp.、P. aculeatus、P. parvus、Acrocalanus gibber及Acartia pacifica。由水文物理因子與橈腳類組成分別進行群集分析，除淡水河河口鄰近水域之橈腳類組成另成一個群集外，彼此間之群集結果大致相符，即橈腳類之族群與水團有顯著關係存在。在物種歧異度與均勻度分析方面，海峽暖水團及冬季鋒面區之歧異度與均勻度值最高，而淡水河河口區與海峽冷水團則顯示具有較低之歧異度與均勻度值。由各分類群間物種之相似度分析結果顯示，春季冷、暖水團間橈腳類種類組成之相似度較低；冬季各類群間橈腳類種類組成相似度較高；而不同季節間，屬於同源水團之海峽暖水類群之橈腳類物種組成亦有較高之相似度。此外，水團指標物種及主要優勢橈腳類之生態特性亦於本研究中加以討論。

The hydrographic conditions of Taiwan Strait are mainly influenced by three currents: China coastal current, South China Sea warm current and Kuroshio branch current. We collected biological samples and hydrographic data to investigate the distribution and composition of copepod in different water masses of Taiwan Strait during May 2001 and January 2002.
In this study, we found 126 species of copepods belonging to 46 genera and 25 families. The dominant copepod species are Temora turbinata、Paracalanus parvus、 Canthocalanus pauper、 Acrocalanus gibber and Euchaeta sp. in the northern Taiwan Strait in May, and Euchaeta sp.、 P. aculeatus、 P. parvus、 Acrocalanus gibber and Acartia pacifica in the southern Taiwan Strait in January. Both results of Cluster analysis that derived from the hydrographic factors and copepod composition were similar (except the copepod species composition in the estuary area), being a strong reflection of the association between the copepod faunas and water masses. Diversity and evenness, were higher in warm water masses than in cold water masses and estuary area. Based on the results of similarity test, the similarity of species composition of copepods among samples taken from the warm and cold water masses in spring is lower, but it is higher among samples taken from the winter as well as among samples taken from area with same origin of warm water mass. We also discussed the indicator species of water masses and the association between dominant species and environment factors.

Figure Index ………………………………………………………………iv
Table Index …………………………………………………………………v
摘要 …………………………………………………………………………vi
Abstract……………………………………………………………………vii
壹、前言………………………………………………………………………1
貳、材料與方法………………………………………………………………8
一、資料收集 ……………………………………………………………8
1、時間與地點 …………………………………………………………8
2、水文環境資料收集 …………………………………………………8
3、生物資料採集 ………………………………………………………8
二、資料處理與分析 ……………………………………………………13
1、水文資料……………………………………………………………13
2、種類鑑定與豐度……………………………………………………13
3、水團之判別與生物群集……………………………………………14
3-1、群集分析………………………………………………………14
3-2、歧異度指標與均勻度指標……………………………………15
3-3、指標物種分析…………………………………………………16
3-4、典型相關分析…………………………………………………17
3-5、相似度分析……………………………………………………17
參、結果 ……………………………………………………………………19
一、水文環境 ……………………………………………………………19
1、水平分布……………………………………………………………19
2、垂直分布……………………………………………………………22
3、T-S diagram與水團判別 …………………………………………22
二、橈腳類之豐度、物種組成與群集特性 ……………………………26
1、橈腳類豐度…………………………………………………………26
2、物種組成與群集特性………………………………………………30
3、歧異度與均勻度……………………………………………………34
4、優勢物種之組成變異………………………………………………36
5、指標物種分析………………………………………………………36
6、物種組成之相似度…………………………………………………39
7、優勢種與水文環境之關係…………………………………………41
肆、結論與討論 ……………………………………………………………45
一、水文資料各分類群之水文特性 ……………………………………45
二、水文與生物資料分群結果之比較 …………………………………46
三、橈腳類豐度及其所佔比例 …………………………………………48
四、物種歧異度與均勻度 ………………………………………………49
五、各分類群物種組成之相似度 ………………………………………50
六、優勢物種與指標物種 ………………………………………………51
七、優勢物種之生態特性 ………………………………………………53
謝辭 …………………………………………………………………………60
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………………61
Appendix Ⅰ…………………………………………………………………68

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