臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討黑口發音肌之季節變動特性，並分別針對下列主題進行研究：
1.嗚音特性
黑口嗚音之頻率分佈於180~3000Hz，基頻為326.1±40.7 Hz。嗚音由2~7個脈波構成，其音距為80~360ms。音距與脈波數呈正相關(ANOVA, p < 0.05)。
2.發音肌構造
黑口發音肌僅見於雄魚，且與泳鰾相鄰屬於外生型。其肌纖維截面積(1522.6±307.4μm2, n=100)明顯小於腹壁肌纖維(t-test, P＜0.05)。發音肌纖維內具中央核心(central core)，肌微纖維與肌質網緊密相鄰呈帶狀交替排列，中央核心內及肌纖維周圍均有粒線體分佈。發音肌由兩種類型肌纖維(IIa and IIc)組成，Type IIa佔99%以上且截面積明顯較大(t-test, p＜0.05)。
3.發音肌周年變化
發音肌長度及寬度未呈周年變動，唯厚度及重量則隨月別而改變。肌纖維截面積於5月時膨大(528.59 ±122.90μm2)，10~12月則為最最小(127.37±9.36μm2)。膨大肌纖維，具明顯的中央核心及由肌質所構成之網狀結構。
4.生殖周年變動
雌雄魚生殖腺指數(G.S.I., Gonadosomatic Index)於3至5月間達高峰，卵巢及精巢分別含大量成熟卵細胞以及成熟精子。雌雄魚肝臟指數(H.S.I., Hepatiosomatic Index)，均於3至5月間降至最低，隨後逐漸回升並維持穩定。唯雌魚H.S.I.值於12~2月有明顯上升趨勢，可能與卵黃前質合成有關。
黑口發音肌於生殖期呈現顯著的變化，有利於產生更大之嗚音。經由嗚音產生將有助於適應夜間低照度及河口高濁度等石首魚生殖時空特性達成生殖目的。因此，發音肌季節變化應為生殖上之適應。

The purpose of this study were to understand the seasonal change of sonic muscle in the black croaker (Atrobucca nibe) and some works have been done as follow:
(1) Characteristics of sound
The frequency of the call ranged from 180~3000 Hz with a fundamental frequency (326.1±40.7Hz). Each call consisted of a train of 2-7 pluses. The duration of each call was mainly ranged from 80~360ms correlated with the pulse number (ANOVA, p＜0.05).
(2) Structure of sonic muscle
Extrinsic sonic muscles lying adjacent to the swimbladder were only found in the male black croaker. The C.S.A. (cross section area) of sonic muscle fibers was significantly smaller than those of abdominal muscle fiber (t-test P<0.05). A core-like structure (central core) and alternating ribbons of sarcoplasmic retuiculum and myofibrils were found in the cross section of sonic muscle fiber. The mitochondria distributed within the central core and around the peripheral of sonic muscle fiber. Two types of sonic muscle fiber (IIa, IIc) were identified and more than 99% of the sonic muscles were composed of Type IIa fibers.
(3) Annual variation of sonic muscle
The length and width of sonic muscle did not exhibit annual variation, but the thickness and weight of sonic muscle did. The C.S.A. of sonic muscle fiber increase to the highest value of 528.59±122.90μm2 in May and decrease to the lowest value of 127.37±9.36μm2 from October to December. Obvious central core and well developed sarcoplasmic reticulum were noted in hypertrophied sonic muscle fibers.
(4) Annunal cycle of gonad condition.
G.S.I.(Gonadosomatic Index) of both sex approached the peak value during March and May. Their gonadal development reveled the predominance of mature gametes. H.S.I. (Hepatosomatic Index) of both sexes inversely decreased to the lowest value during March to May and declined to a constant level. The female increased their H.S.I. abruptly during December and February may be due to the synthesis of vitellogenin in the liver.
Sonic muscle of black croaker varied significantly with the gonadal condition. The changes of sonic muscle in the spawning season will lead to increase sound amplitude that may be helpful for spawning success in the dim-light evening and high-turbidity inshore. Therefore, those seasonal changes of sonic muscle may be the adaptation for reproduction.

目錄
謝辭.........................................................(I)
目錄........................................................(II)
表目錄.....................................................(III)
圖目錄......................................................(IV)
照片目錄.....................................................(V)
中文摘要....................................................(VI)
英文摘要...................................................(VII)
前言.........................................................(1)
材料與方法...................................................(7)
結果........................................................(17)
討論........................................................(24)
參考文獻....................................................(33)
Tables......................................................(41)
Figures.....................................................(45)
Plates......................................................(53)

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