|
柒、參考文獻 Akashi, M., Hachiya, M., Osawa, Y., Spirin, K., Suzuki, G., Koeffler, H. P. 1995. Irradiation induced WAF1 expression through a p53-independent pathway in KG-1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 19181-19187. Aktas, H., H. Cai, and G.M. Cooper. 1997. Ras links growth factor signaling to the cell cycle machinery via regulation of cyclin D1 and the cdk inhibitor p27Kip1. Mol. Cell. Biol.17: 3850—3857. Albanese, C., J. Johnson, G. Watanabe, N. Eklund, D. Vu, A. Arnold, and R.G. Pestell. 1995. Transforming p21ras mutants and c-Ets-2 activate the cyclin D1 promoter through distinguishable regions. J. Biol. Chem. 270: 23589—23597. Ashkenazi, A., Dixit, V. M. 1998. Death receptors:Signaling and modulation. Science. 281:1305-1308. Bae, I., Fan, S., Bhatia, K., Kohn K. W., Fornace A. J., O’Connor, P. M. 1995. Relationships between G1 arrest and stability of p53 and p21 Cip1/Waf1 proteins following gamma-irraditation of human lymphoma cells. Cancer Res. 5585:2387-2393. Bellido, T., O’Brien, C. A., Roberson, P. K., Manolagas, S. C. 1998. Transcriptional activation of the p21(WAF1, CIP1, SDI1) gene by interleukin-6 type cytokines. A prerequisite for their pro-differentiating and anti-apoptotic effects on human osteoblastic cells. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 21137-21144. Chan, F.K.M., J. Zhang, L. Chen, D.N. Shapiro, and A. Winoto. 1995. Identification of human/mouse p19, a novel CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor with homology to p16ink4. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2682—2688. Chedid, M., Michieli, P., Lengel, C., Huppi, K., Givol, D. 1994. A single nucleotide substitution at codon 31(Ser/Arg)defines a polymorphism in a highly conserved region of the p53-inducuble gene WAF1/CIP1. Oncogene. 9:3021-3024. Chen, J., P. Saha, S. Kornbluth, B.D. Dynlacht, and A. Dutta. 1996. Cyclin-binding motifs are essential for the function of p21Cip1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 16: 4673—4682. Chen, J., P.K. Jackson, M.W. Kirschner, and A. Dutta. 1995. Separate domains of p21 involved in the inhibition of cdk kinase and PCNA. Nature 374: 386—388. Cheng, M., P. Olivier, J.A. Diehl, M. Fero, M.F. Roussel, J.M. Roberts, and C.J. Sherr. 1999. The p21Cip1 and p27Kip1 CDK ‘inhibitors’ are essential activators of cyclin D-dependent kinases in murine fibroblasts. EMBO J. 18: 1571—1583. Chiba, T., Takahashi, S., Sato, N., Ishii, S., Kikuchi, K. 1996. Fas-mediated apoptosis is modulated by intracellular glutathione in human T cells. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1164-1169. Chinery, R., Brockman, J. A., Peeler, M. O., Shyr, Y., Beauchamp, R. D., Coffey, R. J. 1997. Antioxidants enhance the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents in colorectal cancer: A p53-independent induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 via C/EBPβ. Nat. Med. 3: 1233-1241. Cossarizza, A., Franeschi, C., Monti, D. 1995. Protective effect of N-acetylcysteine in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis in U937 cells:The role of mitochondria. Exp. Cell Res. 220:232-240. Dibbert. B., Weber, M., Nikolaizik, W. H. 1999. Cytokine-mediated Bax deficiency and consequent delayed neutrophil apoptosis:A general mechanism to acculate effector cells in inflammation. Proc. Natl. Acdd. Sci. USA 96:13330-13335. Dulic, V., W.K. Kaufmann, S.J. Wilson, T.D. Tlsty, E. Lees, J.W. Harper, S.J. Elledge, and S.I. Reed. 1994. p53-Dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1 arrest. Cell 76: 1013—1023. Dulic, V., W.K. Kaufmann, S.J. Wilson, T.D. Tlsty, E. Lees, J.W. Harper, S.J. Elledge, and S.I. Reed. 1994. p53-Dependent inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase activities in human fibroblasts during radiation-induced G1 arrest. Cell 76: 1013—1023. El-Deiry, W. S., Tokino, T., Waldman, T., Oliner, J. D., Velculescu, V. E., Burrell, M., Hill, D. E., Healy, E., Rees, J. L., Hamilton, S. R. 1995. Topological control of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression in normal and neoplastic tissues. Cancer Res. 55: 2910-2919. El-Deiry, W.S., T. Tokino, V.E. Velculescu, D.B. Levy, R. Parsons, J.M. Trent, D. Lin, E. Mercer, K.W. Kinzler, and B. Vogelstein. 1993. WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75: 817—825. Esposito, F., Cuccovillo, F., Vanoni, M., Cimino, F., Anderson, C. W., Appella, E., Russo, T. 1997. Redox-mediated regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression involved a post transcriptional mechanism and activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Eur. J. Biochem. 245: 730-737. Ezhevsky, S.A., H. Nagahara, A.M. Vocero-Akbani, D.R. Gius, M.C. Wei, and S.F. Dowdy. 1997. Hypo-phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein (pRb) by cyclin D:Cdk4/6 complexes results in active pRb. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.94: 10699—10704. Fawell S. 1994. TAT-mediated delivery of heterologous proteins into cells. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA. 91: 664-668. Filmus, J., A.I. Robles, W. Shi, M.J. Wong, L.L. Colombo, and C.J. Conti. 1994. Induction of cyclin D1 overexpression by activated ras. Oncogene 9: 3627—3633. Frankel, A., Pabo, C. O. 1988. Cellular uptake of the tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus. Cell. 55:1189-1193. Gorospe, M., Martindale, J. M., Sheikh, M. S., Fornace, A. J. Jr., Holbrook, N. J. 1996. Regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by cellular stress: p53-dependent and —independent mechanisms. Mol. Cell. Differ. 4: 47-65. Green, M., Loewenstein, P. M. 1988. Autonomous functional domains of chemically synthesized human immunodeficiency virus tat trans-activator protein. Cell. 55:1179-1188. Gu, Y., C.W. Turek, and D.O. Morgan. 1993. Inhibition of CDK2 activity in vivo by an associated 20K regulatory subunit. Nature 366: 707—710. Hannon, G.J. and D. Beach. 1994. p15INK4b is a potential effector of TGFβ-induced cell cycle arrest. Nature 371: 257—261. Harper, J.W., G.R. Adami, N. Wei, K. Keyomarsi, and S.J. Elledge. 1993. The p21 cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75: 805—816. Harper, J.W., S.J. Elledge, K. Keyomarsi, B. Dynlacht, L.H. Tsai, P. Zhang, S. Dobrowolski, C. Bai, L. Connell-Crowley, E. Swindell, M.P. Fox, and N. Wei. 1995. Inhibition of cyclindependent kinases by p21. Mol. Biol. Cell 6: 387—400. Hebestreit, H., Dibbert, B., Balatti, I. 1998. Disruption of Fas receptor signaling by nitric oxide in eosinophils. J. Exp. Med. 187:415-425. Hirai, H., M.F. Roussel, J. Kato, R.A. Ashmun, and C.J. Sherr. 1995. Novel INK4 proteins, p19 and p18, are specific inhibitors of the cyclin D-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2672—2681. Hobeika, A. C., Subramaniam, P. S., Johnson, H. M. 1997. INFα induces the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 in human prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 14: 1165-1170. Kerkhoff, E. and U.R. Rapp. 1997. Induction of cell proliferation in quiescent NIH 3T3 cells by oncogenic c-Raf-1. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 2576—2586. Kitagawa, M., H. Higashi, H.K. Jung, I. Suzuki-Takahashi, M. Ikeda, K. Tamai, J. Kato, K. Segawa, E. Yoshida, S. Nishimura, and Y. Taya. 1996. The consensus motif for phosphorylation by cyclin D1-Cdk4 is different from that for phosphorylation by cyclin A/E-Cdk2. EMBO J. 15: 7060—7069. Koh, J., G.H. Enders, B.D. Dynlacht, and E. Harlow. 1995. Tumour- derived p16 alleles encoding proteins defective in cell cycle inhibition. Nature 375: 506—510. Krammer, P. H. 1999. CD95(APO-1/Fas)-mediated apoptosis:Live and let die. Adv. Immunol. 71:163-210. Lavoie, J.N., G. L’Allemain, A. Brunet, R. Mu¨ ller, and J. Pouysse ´gur. 1996. Cyclin D1 expression is regulated positively by the p42/p44MAPK and negatively by the p38/HOGMAPK pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 271: 20608—20616. Law, J. C., Deka, A. 1995. Identification of a Pst1 polymorphism in the p21Cip1/Waf1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor gene. Hum. Genet. 95:459-460. Lee, M.H., I. Reynisdo´ ttir, and J. Massague´ . 1995. Cloning of p57Kip2, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor with unique domain structure and tissue distribution. Genes&Dev. 9: 639—649. Li, Y. J., Laurent-Puig, P., Salmon, R. J., Thomas, G., Hamelin, R. 1995. Polymorphisms and probable lack of mutation in the WAF1/CIP1 gene in colorectal cancer. Oncogene. 10:599-601. Lin, J., C. Reichner, X. Wu, and A.J. Levine. 1996. Analysis of wild-type and mutant p21WAF-1 gene activities. Mol. Biol. Cell 16: 1786—1793. Liu, B., Andrieu Abadie, N., Levade, T., Zhang, P., Obeid, L. M., Hannum, Y. A. 1998. Glutathione regulation of neutral sphingomyelinase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death. J. Biol. Chem. 273:11313-11320. Ludlow, J.W., C.L. Glendening, D.M. Livingston, and J.A. De-Caprio. 1993. Specific enzymatic dephosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Mol. Cell. Biol. 13: 367—372. Ludlow, J.W., J. Shon, J.M. Pipas, D.M. Livingston, and J.A. De-Caprio. 1990. The retinoblastoma susceptibility gene product undergoes cell cycle-dependent dephosphorylation and binding to and release from SV40 large T. Cell 60: 387—396. Lukas, J., J. Bartkova, M. Rohde, M. Strauss, and J. Bartek. 1995a. Cyclin D1 is dispensable for G1 control in retinoblastoma gene-deficient cells, independent of CDK4 activity.Mol. Cell. Biol. 15: 2600—2611. Lundberg, A.S. and R.A. Weinberg. 1998. Functional inactivation of the retinoblastoma protein requires sequential modification by at least two distinct cyclin-CDK complexes. Mol.Cell. Biol. 18: 753—761. Macleod, K. F., Sherry, N., Hannon, G., Beach, D., Tokino, T., Kinzler, K., Vogelstein B., Jack, T. 1995. p53-dependent and independent expression of p21 during cell growyh, differentiation, and DNA damage. Genes & Dev. 9: 935-944. Mann, D. A., Frankel, A. D. 1991. Endocytosis and targeting of exogenous HIV-1 TAT. EMBO J. 10:1733-1739. Matsumura, I., Ishikawa, J., Nakajima, K., Oritani, K., Tomiyama, Y., Kanakura, Y. 1997. Thrombopoietin-induced differentiation of a human megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line, CMK, involves transcriptional activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1)by STAT5. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17: 2933-2943. Matsuoka, S., M. Edwards, C. Bai, S. Parker, P. Zhang, A. Baldini, J.W. Harper, and S.J. Elledge. 1995. p57KIP2, a structurally distinct member of the p21CIP1 cdk inhibitor family, is a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Genes & Dev. 9: 650—662. Matsushime, H., D.E. Quelle, S.A. Shurtleff, M. Shibuya, C.J. Sherr, and J.-Y. Kato. 1994. D-type cyclin-dependent kinase activity in mammalian cells. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14: 2066—2076. McConnell, B.B., F.J. Gregory, F.J. Stott, E. Hara, and G. Peters. 1999. Induced expression of p16INK4a inhibits both CDK4 and CDK2-associated kinase activity by reassortment of cyclin-CDK-inhibitor complexes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 1981—1989. Medema, R.H., R.E. Herrera, F. Lam, and R.A. Weinberg. 1995. Growth suppression by p16ink4 requires functional retinoblastoma protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 92: 6289—6293. Meyerson, M. and E. Harlow. 1994. Identification of a G1 kinase activity for cdk6, a novel cyclin D partner. Mol. Cell. Biol.14: 2077—2086. Mittnacht, S., J.A. Lees, D. Desai, E. Harlow, D.O. Morgan, and R.A. Weinberg. 1994. Distinct sub-populations of the retinoblastoma protein show a distinct pattern of phosphorylation. EMBO J. 13: 118—127. Mousses, S., Ozcelik, H., Lee, P. D., Malkin, D., Bull, S. B. Andrulis, I. L. 1995. Two variants of the human cancer. Hum. Mol. Genet. 4:1089-1092. Nakanishi, M., R.S. Robetorge, G.R. Adami, O.M. Pereira-Smith, and J.R. Smith. 1995. Identification of the active region of the DNA synthesis inhibitory gene p21Sdi1/CIP1/WAF1. EMBO J. 14: 555—563. Noda, A., Y. Ning, S.F. Venable, O.M. Pereira-Smith, and J.R. Smith. 1994. Cloning of senescent cell-derived inhibitors of DNA synthesis using an expression screen. Exp. Cell. Res.211: 90—98. Parry, D., S. Bates, D.J. Mann, and G. Peters. 1995. Lack of cyclin D-cdk complexes in Rb-negative cells correlates with high levels of p16INK4/MTS1 tumor suppressor gene product. EMBO J. 14: 503—511. Parry, D.A., D. Mahony, K. Wills, and E. Lees. 1999. Cyclin D-CDK subunit arrangement is dependent on the availability of competing INK4 and p21 class inhibitors. Mol. Cell. Biol. 19: 1775—1783. Peeper, D.S., T.M. Upton, M.H. Ladha, E. Neuman, J. Zalvide, R. Bernards, J.A. DeCaprio, and M.E. Ewen. 1997. Ras signaling linked to the cell-cycle machinery by the retinoblastoma protein. Nature 386: 177—181. Pierce, G. B., Parchment, R. E., Lewellyn, A. L. 1991. Hydrogen peroxide as a mediator of programmed cell death in the blastocyst. Differentiation 46:181-186. Polyak, K., J.-Y. Kato, M.J. Solomon, C.J. Sherr, J. Massague´ , J.M. Roberts, and A. Koff. 1994a. p27Kip1, a cyclin-cdk inhibitor, links transforming growth factor-b and contact inhibition to cell cycle arrest. Genes & Dev. 8: 9—22. Russo, A.A., P.D. Jeffrey, A.K. Patten, J. Massague´ , and N.P. Pavletich. 1996. Crystal structure of the p27Kip1 cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor bound to the cyclin A-cdk2 complex. Nature 382: 325—331. Schulze-Osthoff, K., Bakker, A. C., Vanhaesebroeck, B., Beyaert, R., Jacob, W. A., Fiers, W. 1992. Cytototic activity of tumor necrosis factor is mediated by early damage of mitochondrial functions. J. Biol. Chem. 267:5317-5323. Schulze-Osthoff, K., Beyaert, R., Vandevoorde, V., Haegeman, G., Fiers, W. 1993. Depletion of the mitochondrial electron transport abrogates the cytotoxic and gene-inductive effects of TNF. EMBO J. 12:3095-3104. Schwaller, J., Koeffler, H. P., Niklaus, G., Loetscher, P., Nagel, S., Fey, M. F., Tobler, A. 1995. Posttrascriptional stabilization underlies p53-independent induction of p21WAF1/CIP1 in differentiating human leukemic cells. J. Clin. Invest. 95: 973-979. Serrano, M., G.J. Hannon, and D. Beach. 1993. A new regulatory motif in cell cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclinD/CDK4. Nature 366: 704—707. Shaw, G., Kamen, R. 1986. A concserved AU sequence from the 3’ untranslated region of GM-CSF mRNA mediates selective mRNA degradation. Cell. 46: 659-667. Sherr, C.J. 1993. Mammalian G1 cyclins. Cell 73: 1059—1065. Shiohara, M., El-Deiry, W. S., Wada, M., Nakamaki, T., Takeuchi, S., Yang, R., Chen, D. L., Vogelstein, B., Koeffler, H. P. 1994. Absence of WAF1 mutations in a variety of human malignancies. Blood. 8484:3781-3784. Simon, H. U., Yousefi, S., Schranz, C., Schapowal, A., Bachert, C., Blaser, K. 1997. Direct demonstration of delayed eosinophil apoptosis as a mechanism causing tissue eosinophilia. J. Immunol. 158:3902-3908. Smith, J. A. 1994. Neutrophils, host defense, and inflammation:A double-edged sword. J. Leukoc. Biol. 56:672-686. Talley, A. K., Dewhurst, S., Perry, S. W. 1995. Tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced apoptosis in human neuronal cells:Protection by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine and the genes Bcl-2 and crmA. Mol. Cell. Biol. 15:2359-2366. Toyoshima, H. and T. Hunter. 1994. p27, a novel inhibitor of G1 cyclin/cdk protein kinase activity, is related to p21. Cell 78: 67—74. Um, H. D., Orenstein, J. M., Wahl, S. M. 1996. Fas mediates apoptosis in human monocytes by a reactive oxygen intermediate dependent pathway. J. Immunol. 156:3469-3477. Vachier, I., Chanez, P., Le Doucen, C., Dammon, M., Descomps, B., Godard, P. 1994. Enhancement of reactive oxygen species formation in stable and unstable asthmatic partients. Eur. Respir. J. 7:1585-1592. Vives, E., Brodin, P., Lebleu, B. 1997. Atruncated HIV-1 TAT protein basic domain rapidly translocates through the plasma membrane and accumulates in the cell nucleus. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 16010-16017. Wallach, D., Varfolomeev, E. E., Malinin, N. L., Goltsev, Y. V., Kovalenko, A. V., Boldin, M. P. 1999. Tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas signaling mechanisms. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 17:331-367. Warbrick, E., D.P. Lane, D.M. Glover, and L.S. Cox. 1995. A small peptide inhibitor of DNA replication defines the site of interaction between the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Curr. Biol.5: 275—282. Watson, R. W., Rotstein, O. D., Jimenez, M., Parodo, J., Marshall, J. C. 1997. Augmented intracellular glutathione inhibits Fas-triggered apoptosis of activated human neutrophils. Blood. 89:4175-4181. Weber, J.D., D.M. Raben, P.J. Phillips, and J.J. Baldassare. 1997. Sustained activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1 (ERK1) is required for the continued expression of cyclin D1 in G1 phase. Biochem. J. 326: 61—68. Wedi, B., Straede, J., Wieland, B., Kapp, A. 1999. Eosinophil apoptosis is mediated by stimulators of cellular oxidative metabolisms and inhibited by antioxidants:Involvement of a yhiol-sensitive redox regulation in eosinophil cell death. Blood. 94:2365-2373. Winston, J.T., S.R. Coats, Y.-Z. Wang, and W.J. Pledger. 1996. Regulation of the cell cycle machinery by oncogenic ras.Oncogene 12: 127—134. Wong, G. H., Goeddel, D. V. 1989. Induction of manganous superoxide dismutase by tumor necrosis factor:Possible protective mechanism. Science. 242:941-943. Xiong, Y., G.J. Hannon, H. Zhang, D. Casso, R. Kobayashi, and D. Beach. 1993a. p21 is a universal inhibitor of cyclin kinases. Nature 366: 701—704. Xiong, Y., H. Zhang, and D. Beach. 1993b. Subunit rearrangement of the cyclin-dependent kinases is associated with cellular transformation. Genes & Dev. 7: 1572—1583. Yousefi, S., Green, D. R., Blaster, K., Simon, H. U. 1994. Protien-tyrosine phosphorylation regulates apoptosis in human eosinophils and neutrophils. Proc. Natl. Acdd. Sci. USA 91:10868-10872. Zeng, Y. X., K.;El-Deiry, W. S. 1996. Regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression by p53-independent pathways. Oncogene. 12: 1557-1564. Zeng, Y. X., Somasundaram, K.;El-Deiry, W. S. 1997. AP2 inhibits cancer cell growth and activates p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. Nat. Genet. 15: 78-82. Zhang, H., G.J. Hannon, and D. Beach. 1994. p21-containing cyclin kinases exist in both active and inactive states. Genes& Dev. 8: 1750—1758.
|