臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　本實驗為探討吳郭魚稚魚對銅的最適需求量。在基礎飼料中給予吳郭魚稚魚 (平均初重為0.79 ±0.03 g)不同劑量的硫酸銅 (CuSO4)，分別為0、1、2、3、4、8、12、20 mg Cu/kg diet，每組實驗均為三重複。實驗於密閉循環系統中飼養八週，每日餵食量為魚體濕重之5％。結果顯示：魚體增重百分率、飼料效率及蛋白質有效率，均以餵食2 mg Cu/kg diet組顯著 (P<0.05)高於餵食20 mg Cu/kg diet組。存活率方面，各劑量添加組間無顯著 (P>0.05)差異。餵食2 mg Cu/kg diet組之血紅素濃度、血比容均高於未添加Cu之控制組及添加3、4、8、12、20 mg Cu/kg diet各組。吳郭魚肝臟及魚體中銅含量隨飼料中銅添加量增加而增加。血漿藍胞漿素 (ceruloplasmin)活性以添加1 mg Cu/kg diet組顯著高於控制組及添加2、3、4、8、12、20 mg Cu/kg diet各組。魚體增重百分率以Broken-line method迴歸及魚體中銅衡量以直線線性迴歸估算吳郭魚稚魚對銅之最適需求量為3.5- 4.0 mg/kg diet。

The study was conducted to determine the optimum dietary copper requirement of juvenile hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ×O. aureus). Purified diets with 8 graded levels (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 12 and 20 mg/kg diet) of supplemented CuSO4 were fed to tilapia (mean body weigh 0.79 ± 0.03g) for 8 weeks. Each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish. Results indicated that tilapia fed diet supplemented with 2 mg Cu/kg diet had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gain (WG), feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) than fish fed 20 mg Cu/kg diet. No differences in survival were observed in fish fed the different diets. Fish fed diet supplemented with 2 mg Cu/kg diet had higher hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) than fish fed 0 , 3, 4, 8, 12 and 20 mg Cu/kg diets. Both hepatic and whole body copper concentration increased with increasing dietary copper level. Fish fed 1 mg Cu/kg diet had higher plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) than fish fed 0 and ≧ 2 mg Cu/kg diets. Analysis by broken-line regression of the weight gain and by linear regression of whole body copper retention of fish indicated that the optimum dietary Cu concentration in juvenile tilapia is approximately 3.5- 4.0 mg/kg diet.

【目 錄】
摘要 (中文)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅰ
摘要 (英文)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．Ⅱ
文獻整理 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
前言 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．17
材料與方法 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．19
結果 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．30
討論 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．44
參考文獻 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．49
【圖目錄】
圖一、硫酸銅的分子結構．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 1
圖二、銅在人體內的吸收代謝機制．．．．．．．．．．．．．． 5
圖三、銅在人體血紅素分子中的位置．．．．．．．．．．．．． 7
圖四、飼料中不同劑量的銅添加量對吳郭魚稚魚
　　　增重百分率的影響。在增重百分率之迴歸
　　　曲線中，可得到 breakpoint為3.53 mg/kg diet．．．．．41
圖五、飼料中不同劑量的銅添加量對吳郭魚稚魚
　　　全魚銅含量的相關性。可得吳郭魚對銅需
　　　求量為 3.99 mg/kg diet，迴歸方程式為
　　　Y=-3.67X+14.65 (R =0.98)．．．．．．．．．．．．．．42
圖六、飼料中實際銅含量對吳郭魚稚魚肝臟銅含
　　　量之影響。以直線迴歸得依方程式為
　　　Y=1.36X+11.73 (R=0.96)　．．．．．．．．．．．．．．43
【表目錄】
表一、不同魚種對銅之營養需求．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．14
表二、實驗飼料配方．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．20
表三、實驗飼料之一般成份．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．21
表四、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之增重百分率、飼料效率及存活率．．．．．．．．．．．31
表五、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之蛋白質效率及肝體比．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．32
表六、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之體組成 ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ．．．．33
表七、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之紅血球計數、血紅素濃度及血比容．．．．．．．．．．34
表八、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之平均紅血球體積及血小板計數．．．．．．．．．．．．35
表九、實驗飼料及餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後之肝臟
　　　、魚體中的銅濃度．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．37
表十、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週後
　　　之血清藍胞漿素活性．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．38
表十一、以不同銅含量飼料餵食吳郭魚稚魚八週
　　　後之血漿銅濃度．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．39
表十二、吳郭魚稚魚餵食不同劑量的含銅飼料八
　　　週後之全魚體內銅含量與餵食含銅飼料量
　　　之平衡關係．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．40

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