烏托邦長久以來被視為是理想國的代名詞，然而這樣的對應關係是有待商榷的。回溯此詞之來源可發現：作為烏托邦文類的鼻祖，湯瑪斯˙摩爾的《烏托邦》已展現許多破壞此對應關係的動態特質，除了主題上的模糊之外，其他敘事技巧，諸如多重框架的結構和不可靠的敘事者等，更進一步打破《烏托邦》靜態的完美。因此本論文試圖檢視摩爾《烏托邦》中干擾此對應關係的文學技巧，證明《烏托邦》實則是一意義曖昧的動態文本，無法給予其固定的詮釋，傳統上將此書視為理想世界藍圖的看法，忽略了此文本複雜的層面。而此詮釋方向更進一步暴露出：批評家將烏托邦敘事區分為「經典烏托邦」(canonical utopias)和「批判式烏托邦」(critical utopias)兩類，並指陳前者為靜態、封閉，而後者為動態、開放的論點是不恰當的，正如摩爾之《烏托邦》，雖其屬於傳統的「經典烏托邦」敘事，卻仍展現使文本不穩定的動態特質，只是在手段上較1960、1970年代興起之「批判式烏托邦」溫和而已。
本論文的主要內容分為三章。第一章回顧近代烏托邦研究的三大派別：其中一派的學者將烏托邦定義為一種文類，強調其文學特質；另一派的學者則由烏托邦的功能和精神著手；還有另一派的學者拒絕將烏托邦和任何意識型態劃上等號，強調烏托邦的流動性。在這三者之中，最後一派學者的主張和本論文試圖打破將烏托邦等同於理想國的立場不謀而合，故為論文後兩章提供了理論基礎。第二章和第三章則分別由主題和敘事面來檢視摩爾《烏托邦》的曖昧性。論文最後並指出：發掘「經典烏托邦」中的不確定元素，證明其動態特質，是日後可繼續研究的方向。

Utopia is habitually equated with an ideal social blueprint. Nevertheless, this equation is problematic. As a seminal text of the utopian genre, Thomas More's Utopia already exemplifies features which drastically destabilize the ideal image of utopia. Besides thematic equivocation, narrative strategies such as the multi-framed structure and unreliable narrators further problematize the illusion of the perfect stasis of Utopia. This thesis first conducts a survey of recent studies of utopia with a view to pinpointing the elusive nature of utopia. Then it proceeds to examine Utopia as an open-ended text in terms of both its thematic and narrative aspect. It is hoped that, through this study, the dynamic feature of More's Utopia may be brought into focus.

Introduction 1
Chapter One 12
The Concept of Utopia
Chapter Two 24
More's Commonwealth of Utopia as a Dubious Vision
Chapter Three 60
Ambiguity Extended:
The Framing Dialogue and the Parerga of Utopia
Conclusion 82
Works Cited 89

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