|
[1]. David A. B. Miller, “Rationale and Challenges for Optical Interconnects to Electronic Chips”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 88, No. 6, pp. 728-749, 2000. [2]. David A. B. Miller, “Physical reasons for optical interconnection”, International Journal of Optoelectronics, Vol. 11, No. 3, pp. 155-168, 1997. [3]. http://public.itrs.net/Files/2001ITRS/Interconnect.pdf [4]. Joseph W. Goodman, Frederick I. Leonberger, Sun-Yuan Kung, and Ravindra A. Athale “Optical Interconnections for VLSI Systems”, Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 72, No 7, pp. 850-866, 1984. [5]. L. J. Camp, R.Sharma, and M. R. Feldman, “Guided-wave and free-space optical interconnects for parallel-processing system: A comparison,” Appl. Opt., Vol. 33, pp.6168-6180, 1994. [6]. C. Fan, B. Mansoorian, D. A. Vanblekom, M. W. Hansen, V. H. Ozgue, S. C. Esener, and G. C. Marsden, “Digital free-space optical interconnections: A comparison between of transmitter technologies,” Appl. Opt., Vol. 34, No. 17, pp. 3103-3115, 1995. [7]. T. Nakahara, S. Matsuo, S. Fukushima, and T. Kurokawa, “Performance comparison between multiple-quantum-well modulator-based and vertical-cavity-surface-emitting-laser-based smart pixels,” Appl. Opt., Vol. 35,pp. 860-871, 1996. [8]. Ray T. Chen, Lei Lin, Chulchae Choi, Yujie J. Liu, Bipin Bihari, L. Wu, Suning Tang, R. Wickman, B. Picor, M. K. Hibs-Brenner, J. Bristow, and Y. S. Liu “Fully Embedded Board-Level Guided-Wave Optoelectronic Interconnects,” Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 38, pp. 780-793, 2000. [9]. L. Vanwassenhove, R. Bockstaele, R. Baets, M. Brunfaut, W. Meeus, J. Van Campenhout, J Hall, H. Melchior, A. Neyer, J. Van Koetsem, R. King, K. Ebeling, and P. Heremans, “Demonstration of 2-D Plastic Optical Fibre based optical interconnect between CMOS IC`s” OFC, 2001. [10]. Anuradha M. Agarwal, Ling Liao, James S. Foresi, Marcie R. Black, Xiaoman Duan, and L. C. Kimerling, “Low-loss polycrystalline silicon waveguides for silicon photonics,” J. Appl. Phys., Vol. 80, pp. 6120-6123, 1996. [11]. Ryoko Yoshimura, Makoto Hikita, Satoru Tomaru, and Saburo Imamura “Low-Loss Polymeric Optical Waveguides Fabricated with Deuterated Polyfluoromethacrylate,” J. Lightwave Techno., Vol. 16, No. 6, pp. 1030-1037, 1998. [12]. Ravi Selvaray, H. T. Lin, and J. F. McDonald, “Integrated Optical Waveguides in Polymide for Wafer Scale Integration,” J. Lightwave Techno., Vol. 6, pp. 1034-1044, 1988. [13]. L. Eldada, C. Xu, K. Stengel, LShacklette, and J. T. Yardley, “Laser-fabricated low-loss single-mode raised-rib waveguiding devices in polymers,” J. Loghtwave Techno., Vol. 14, pp. 1704-1713, 1996. [14]. H. Kragl, R. Hohmann, C, Marheine, W. Pott, and G. Pompe, “Low cost monomode, integrated optics polymeric components with passive fiber-chip coupling,” Electron. Lett., Vol33, pp. 2036-2037, 1997. [15]. Keven K. Lee, Desmond R. Lim, Hsin-Chiao Luan, Anuradha Agarwal, James Foresi, and Lioel C. Kimerling, “Effect on size and roughness on light transmission in a Si/SiO2 waveguide: Experiments and model” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 77, pp. 1617-1619, 2000. [16]. F. P. Payne and J. P. R. Lacey, Opt. Quantum Electron., Vol. 26, pp. 977, 1994. [17]. S. M. Garner, Sang-Shin Lee, Vadim Chuyanov, Antao Chen, Araz Yacoubian, William H. Steier, and Larry R. Dalton, “Three dimensional Integrated Optics Using Polymers” Journal of Quantum Electronics, Vol. 35, pp. 1146-1155, 1999. [18]. L. Friedrich, P. Dannberg, C. Wachter, Th. Hennig, A. Brauer, and W. Karthe, “Directional coupler device using a three-dimensional waveguide structure” Optics Commun., Vol. 137, pp. 239-243, 1997. [19]. Shogo Ura, Ryuji Nishida, Toshiaki Suhara, and Hiroshi Nishihara, “Wavelength-Selective Coupling Among Three Vertically Integrated Optical Waveguides by Grating Couplers” Photonics Technology Letters, Vol. 13, pp.133-135, 2001. [20]. L. B. Soldano, and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical Multi-Mode Interference Devices Based on Self-Imaging: Principles and Applications” J. Lightwave Techno. Vol. 13, pp. 615-627, 1995. [21]. H. Lorenz, M. Laudon, and P. Renaud, “Mechanical Characterization of a New High-Aspect-Ratio Near UV-Photoresist,” Microelectronic Engineering, Vol. 41/42, pp. 371-374, 1998. [22]. H. Lorenz, M. Despont, M. Fahrni, N. LaBianca, P. Vettiger, and P. Renaud , "SU-8: a low-cost negative resist for MEMS", J. Micromech. Microeng, Vol. 7, pp.121-124, 1997. [23]. D. N. Sharp, M. Campbell, E. R. Dedman, M. T. Harrison, R. G. Denning, and A. J. Turberfield, “Photonic crystals for the visible spectrum by holographic lithography,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 34, pp. 3-12, 2002. [24]. N. LaBianca, and J. Delorme, "High aspect ratio resist for thick film applications", SPIE, Vol. 2438, pp. 846-852, 1995. [25]. L. Guerin, M. Bossel, M. Demierre, S. Calmes, and P. Renaud, "Simple and low cost fabrication of embedded microchannels by using a new thick-film photoplastic", in Proc. Transducers 1997, Chicago, pp.1419-1422, 1997. [26]. Frederick H. Dill, William P. Hornberger, Peter S. Hauge, and Jane M. Shaw, “Characterization of positive photoresist” IEEE Transactions on electron devices, Vol. ED-22, No. 7, pp. 445-452, 1975. [27]. T. Ohfuji, K. Nakano, K. Maeda, and E. Hasegawa, “Reaction modeling of chemically amplified resists for ArF excimer laser lithography” J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B, Vol. 13, pp. 3022-3025, 1995. [28]. Kenji Kawano and Tsutomu Kitoh “Introduction to Optical Waveguide Analysis” John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2001. [29]. M. Kawachi,” Recent progress in silica-based planar lightwave circuits on silicon” IEE Proc. (Optoelectronics), Vol. 143, pp. 257-262, 1996. [30]. Y. P. Li and C. H. Henry, “Silica-based optical integrated circuits” IEE Proc. (Optoelectronics), Vol. 143, pp. 263-280, 1996. [31]. S. Valette et al., Sensors and Actuators A21, 1087 (1990) [32]. H. Takahashi, K. Okamoto, and Y. Ohmori, “Integrated-optic 1*128 power splitter with multifunnel waveguide” Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 5, pp. 58-60, 1993. [33]. S. M. Garner, Sang-Shin Lee, Vadim Chuyanov, Antao Chen, Araz Yacoubian, William H. Steier, and Larry R. Dalton, “Three Dimensional Integrated Optics Using Polymers” IEEE Journal of Lightwave Technology, Vol. 35, pp. 1146-1155, 1999. [34]. S. M. Garner, V. Chuyanov, Sang-Shin Lee, A. Chen, William H. Steier, and Larry R. Dalton “Vertically Integrated Waveguide Polarization Splitters Using Polymers” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., Vol. 11, pp. 842-844, 1999. [35]. L. Friedich, P. Dannberg, C. Wachter, Th. Hennig, A. Brauer, and W. Karthe “Directional coupler device using a three dimensional waveguide structure” Optics Commun., Vol. 137, pp. 239-243, 1997. [36]. C. Waechter, Th. Bauer, M. Cumme, P. Dannberg, W. Elflein, Th. Hennig, U. Streppel, and W. Karthe “Active and Passive Components of 3D Integrated Optics” SPIE, Vol. 3936, pp. 130-139, 2000. [37]. M. Rajarajan, B. M. A. Rahman, and K. T. V. Grattan “A Rigorous Comparison of the Performance of Directional Couplers with Multimode Inteference Devices” Vol. 17, pp. 243-248, 1999. [38]. O. Bryngdahl, “Image formation using self-imaging techniques,” J. Opt. Soc. Amer., Vol. 63, pp. 416-419, 1973. [39]. R. Ulrich, “Image formation by phase coincidences in optical waveguides,” Optics Commun., vol. 13, pp. 259-264, 1975. [40]. R. Ulrich, and G. Ankele “Self-imaging in homogeneous planar optical waveguides,” Appl. Phys. Lett., Vol. 27, pp.337-339, 1975. [41]. D. C. Chang and E. F. Kuester, “A Hybrid Method for Paraxial Beam Propagation in Multimode Optical Waveguide,” IEEE Trans. Micro. Theo. and Tech., Vol. 29, pp. 923-933, 1981. [42]. G. M. Berry, and S. V. Burke, “Analysis of optical rib self-imaging multimode interference waveguide devices using the discrete spectral index method,” Optical and Quantum Electronics, Vol. 27, pp. 921-934, 1995. [43]. J. M. Heaton, and R. M. Jenkins, “General Matrix Theory of Self-Imaging in Multimode Interference Couplers,” Photonics Technology Letters, Vol.11, pp. 212-214, 1999. [44]. L. B. Soldano, and E. C. M. Pennings, “Optical Multi-Mode Interference Devices Based on Self-Imaging: Principles and Applications” J. Lightwave Techno. Vol. 13, pp. 615-627, 1995.
|