Ti-6Al-4V兼具鈦合金系列之á 鈦合金的韌性與抗潛變性及β
鈦合金之強度與良好成型性，並具有極佳耐腐蝕性。因此，Ti-6Al-4V
是鈦合金中被利用最廣的合金，根據文獻所述，全世界鈦元素總產
量有一半以上的量拿來製造Ti-6Al-4V，而此合金中的八成應用於航
太工業；少數應用於醫學上。近年來，為抗高溫所開發出來的耐高
溫鈦合金皆是以Ti-6Al-4V 為基材所衍生發展而來，且廣泛應用於航
太、海洋、化學、醫學等工業。
至今Ti-6Al-4V 的研究報告甚多，尤其大多數的文獻均在恆溫
熱處理及相變態行為上作相關之探討，而在連續冷卻相變態行為及
結構分析上作有系統的探討者則較少。在實際之製程中，鈦合金多
數以鍛造成形，所以在塑性變形對相變態上之研究亦有其重要性。
故本論文主要以可程式化的熱膨脹儀對β淬火組織之
Ti-6Al-4V 進行固溶處理後作一系列不同冷卻速率對相變態顯微組
織之影響。另一方面，在雙相區作不同量之塑性變形，以釐清塑變
行為與不同冷卻速率對顯微組織之效應。並將詳盡的顯微組織分析
之結果提供相關應用及研究之參考。

1. 前言................................................1
2. 文獻探討............................................5
2.1. 簡介..............................................5
2.2. 鈦及鈦合金........................................5
2.3. 鈦合金的類別與應用................................8
2.3.1. α鈦合金：.......................................8
2.3.2. β鈦合金：.......................................8
2.3.3. á+β鈦合金：.....................................9
2.4. 固溶強化（Solid-Solution Strengthening）......... 10
2.5. 平衡相圖（Equilibrium Phase Diagram）............ 11
2.6. Ti-6Al-4V 的顯微結構............................. 12
2.6.1. 層狀結構（Lamellar Structure）................. 12
2.6.2. 等軸結構（equiaxed structure）................. 13
2.6.3. 方形結構（bimodal type microstructure）........ 13
2.6.4. 介金屬化合物Ti3Al（α2） ....................... 13
2.7. 麻田散體(Martensite) ............................ 14
2.8. 界面相（Interface Phases）....................... 16
條紋形（striated）外觀之界面相........................ 17
整體形（monolithic）外觀之界面相...................... 17
2.9. 晶格參數（Typical Lattice Parameters） .......... 18
3. 實驗方法........................................... 31
3.1. 實驗材料......................................... 31
3.2. 熱處理........ .................................. 32
3.3. 金相試片製作..................................... 32
3.4. X 光繞射儀（XRD）................................ 32
3.5. 電子探針微分析儀（EPMA）......................... 33
3.6. 穿透式電子顯微鏡試片的製作....................... 33
4. β淬火組織研究...................................... 35
4.1. 前言............................................. 35
4.2. 實驗方法......................................... 35
4.3. 結果與討論....................................... 36
4.3.1. 基材觀察....................................... 36
4.3.2. β相變態溫度的測量.............................. 37
4.3.3. á’結構的鑑定.................................. 38
4.3.4. Ti-64 之淬火顯微組織探討....................... 40
4.4. 結論............................................. 43
5. 冷卻速率對Ti-6Al-4V 相變態的影響................... 67
5.1. 前言............................................. 67
5.2. 實驗過程......................................... 68
5.3. 結果與討論....................................... 68
5.4. 結論............................................. 71
6. Ti-6Al-4V 於不同冷卻速率對界面相之探討............. 95
6.1. 前言............................................. 95
6.2. 實驗方法......................................... 96
6.3. 結果與討論....................................... 96
6.4. 結論............................................. 97
7. 應變對Ti-6Al-4V 相變態之影響....................... 109
7.1. 前言............................................. 109
7.2. 實驗方法......................................... 109
7.3. 結果與討論....................................... 110
7.4. 結論............................................. 114
8. 總結論............................................. 138
9. 建議未來工作....................................... 139
10. 文獻.............................................. 140

1 W. O. Alexander: Metals Materials, Vol. 8, No. 10(1974), pp.
458-459.
2 E. W. Collings: Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloy Pix.
3 D. Eylon, S. Fujishiro, P. J. Postans and F. H. Froes: Journal of Metals,Nov(1984), pp. 55-61.
4 E. W. Collings: in “Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloy”,pp. 9-10
5 R. I. Jaffee: in “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys.”,Progress in Metal Physics Pergamon Press, New York, 1958.
6 D. Eylon, S. Fujishiro, P. J. Postans and F. H. Froes: Journal of Metals,Nov (1984), pp. 55-61.
7 V. K. Grigorovich, Metallurgica, No 5(1960), p. 38.
8 W. F. Smith: in “Structure and Properties of Engineering Alloys”, McGraw-Hill, (1981), pp. 411-415.
9 F. H. Froes, J. C. Chesnutt, C. G. Rhodes and J. C. Williams:
Toughness and Fracture Behavior of Titanium, ASTM STP 651,
ASTM (1978), pp. 115-153.
10 S. Amedinckx, The Direct Observation of Dislocation Academic
Press, New York, (1964), p. 381.
11 D. Flower: J. Mater Sci., Vol. 14, (1979), pp. 712-722.
12 M. J. Donachie, JR: in “Titanium and Titanium Alloy”, Source Book,pp. 10-14.
13 R. A. Wood: Titanium Alloys Handbook, Metals and Ceramics
141Information Center, Battelle, Publication No. MCIC-HB-02, Dec.(1972).
14 H. Sasano and H. Kimura: Titanium ’80 Science and Technology, Vol.2, (1981), pp. 1147-1154.
15 R. I. Jaffee: Metallurgical Synthesis, Vol. 3, (1973), pp. 1665-1692.
16 H. Sasano and H. Kimura: Titanium ’80 Science and Technology, Vol.2, (1981), pp. 1147-1154.
17 E. W. Collings: in “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys”,American Society for Metals, pp. 45-46.
18 E. W. Colling: in “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys”,American Society for Metals, p. 64.
19 E. W. Collings: “Materials Properties Handbook”, Titanium Alloys,ASM, pp. 488-491.
20 J. D. Boyd and R. G. Hoagland: Titanium Science and Technology,Vol. 2, 1973, pp. 1071-1083.
21 H. W. Rosenberg: Technology and Application of Titanium, (1970),pp. 851-879.
22 E. W. Collings, in “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys”,American Society for Metals, USA, p. 85.
23 C. G. Rhocks and J. C. Williams: Met. Trans, Vol. 6A, (1975),
pp.2103-2114.
24 P. J. Fopiano and C. F. Hickey, JR: The Science Technology and Application of Titanium, (1970), pp. 815-816.
25 P. J. Fopiano, M. B. Beverand and B. L. Averbach: Trans of ASM,Vol. 62, (1969), pp. 324-332.142
26 J. C. Williams and M. J. Blackburn: Trans. ASM, (1967), Vol. 60, p.373.
27 Y. Mahajan, S. Nadiv and W. R. Kerr: Scripta Metall, (1979), Vol. 13,pp. 695-699.
28 R. Davis, H. M. Flower and D. R. F. West, Acta Metall., Vol. 27,(1979), p. 1041.
29 G. F. Pittinto and W. D. Hanna: Met. Trans, (1972), Vol. 3, pp.2905-2909.
30 R. B. Sparks and J. R. Leng: Improved Manafcturing Methods forProducing High Integrivty More Reliable Titanium Forgings,
AFML-TR-73-301, February, (1974).
31 C. G. Rhodes and J. C. Williams: Metall. Transaction A, Vol. 6A,August (1975).
32 J. C. Williams: in “Titanium Science and Technology”, PlenumPublishing CO., New York, Vol. 3, p. 1433
33 D. B. Erjee: Mea Tran A, Vol. 13A, (1982), p. 681.
34 H. Margolin, E. Levine and M. Young: Meta. Trans A, Vol. 8A,
February (1977), p. 373.
35 C. R. Rhodesand and N. E. Paton: Rockwell International, presentedat Las Vegas Fall Meeting of TMS-AIME, (1975).
36 G. Welsch et al.: Met. Met. Trans. A, Vol. 8A, (1977), pp. 169-177.
37 S. Anderson et al., Acta Chem. Scand., Vol. 11, (1957), p. 1641.
38 J. C. Williams and M. J. Blackburn: Trans ASM, Vol. 60, (1967), p.373.
39 Y. Mahajan, S. Nadiv and W. R. Kerr, Scripta Metall, Vol. 13, (1979),143 pp. 695-699.
40 Malth and J. Dan Achie, Jr: “Titanium A Technical Guide, ASM.,p.24.
41 D. Eylon: Met. Trans., Vol. 7A, (1977), pp. 101-103.
42 E. W. Collings: in “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys”, p.92.
43 H. Numakura and M. Koiwa: Acta Metall, Vol. 32, No. 10 (1984), pp.1799-1807.
44 M. J. Blackburn and J. C. Williams: Trans. Metall. Soc. AIME, Vol.239, (1967), p. 287.
45 E. W. Collings: “The Physical Metallurgy of Titanium Alloys”, ASM,pp. 86-88.
46 M. J. Donachie, Jr: in “Titanium A, Technical Guide”, ASM
International Metals Park, OH 44073, p. 65.
47 J. W. Christian: Theory of Transformations in Metals and Alloys, 2nd.Edition, Pergamon Press, Oxford.
48 T. Ahmed, H. J. Rack: Materials Science and Engineering, Vol. A243,(1998), pp. 206-211.
49 J. C. McMillan, R. Taggart and D. H. Polonis: “Electron Microscopy Studies of Transformation in a Ti-V Alloy”, Trans. of AIME, Vol. 239,May (1967), pp. 739-742.
50 F. J. Gil and J. M. Manero: Titanium 1995, Science and Technology,The Institute of Materials, London, UK, (1996), pp. 2454-2461.
51 H. K. D. H. Bhadeshia, Work Examples in the Geometry of Crystals,Inst. Of Metals, London, (1987).
52 C. G. Rhodes and J. C. Williams: Met. Trans., Vol. 6A, August
(1975), pp. 1670-1671.
53 C. G. Rhoodes and N. E. Paton: Metallurgical Transaction A,
Vol.10A, February (1979), pp. 209-216.
54 F. Cortial: Metallurgical and Materials Transaction A, Vol. 25A,February (1994), pp. 241-247.
55 H. Margolin, E. Levine and M. Young: Met. Trans. A, Vol. 8A,
(1977), pp. 373-377.
56 S. L. Semiatin, V. Seetharaman and I. Weiss: JOM, June (1997), pp.33-68.