本研究在2000年8月至2001年7月期間每月在福山試驗林以掉落陷阱定量採樣螞蟻，比較原始森林林下與人為開墾產生開闊地地表附近活動螞蟻群聚組成的差異，共計採到5亞科，30屬，53種螞蟻。開闊地有45種螞蟻，多於森林林下的31種。開闊地的螞蟻豐度高於森林林下，兩者多樣性指數與均勻度相近。以功能群組成分析螞蟻種類組成，在開闊地競爭群與干擾群種類的比例多於森林內，推測福山森林中人為開墾產生的開闊地對當地環境的影響類似於森林中孔隙，使開闊地地表的干擾度提高，增加螞蟻可利用的資源。螞蟻群聚組成隨取樣點間距離增加而相似度降低，開闊地地表與森林林下的螞蟻群聚並沒有明顯的區隔。

For comparing the ant community composition the ant species were sampled by pitfall traps quantitatively from two different habitats, the forest and an artificial open area among Fushan experimental forest, from August 2000 to July 2001. Overall, 5 subfamilies, 31 genera and 53 species of ants were collected. Forty-five species were collected on the ground of the open area, while only 31 species were collected on forest floor. The species richness and abundance of the ant were higher in the open area, and Shannon coefficient of diversity and evenness were similar between two habitats. The species assemblage of the ant was analyzed by functional group method. The ratio of two functional groups, the competition group and disturbance group, was higher in the open area suggested that the effect of artificial removal of original plantation was similar to the effect of natural formation of treefall gaps, which may increase disturbance and available resources. Lower similarity of ant community composition were found between two sampling plots with more distance, but the ant community composition were not evidently different between these two habitats.

中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄 i
表次 iii
圖次 iv
附錄次 v
壹、 前言 1
貳、 往昔研究 3
一、螞蟻概述 3
二、螞蟻與環境間的關係 5
三、影響螞蟻群聚組成的因素 8
四、螞蟻群聚組成研究與應用 12
參、 材料與方法 15
一、福山地區環境概述 15
二、選取樣區與取樣點設置 16
(一)、取樣陷阱設置 16
(二)、取樣區設置 17
1. 開闊地地表 17
2. 森林地表 19
三、功能群分析 20
四、螞蟻捕獲量與氣候因子的相關性分析 21
五、取樣點相似度分析 22
肆、 結果 23
一、調查結果 23
二、樣區間比較 25
三、功能群分析 27
四、調查結果月份變化 29
五、取樣點相似度分析 33
伍、 討論 34
一、採集效果 34
二、開闊地與森林林下螞蟻群聚組成的差異 34
三、功能群分析 36
四、取樣點相似度分析 36
陸、 引用文獻 38
柒、 附錄 45
捌、 誌謝 56

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