論文摘要
長期以來，裝配業已充分運用共同性零組件於生產製造作業中。但實務上物料規劃模式仍高度仰賴以MRP為主之傳統備料規劃模式，以致對存在共同性零組件存在之製造環境，無法進行效率較佳之物料規劃作業。近來有實務界人士提出「3C規劃模式」的規劃方式以結合零組件共同性的特性。本研究有鑒於現有常用備料模式，以及3C規劃模式之缺陷。繼而運用3C規劃模式的基本概念，採用最適化機制，建立一個以成本為基礎的線性規劃模式：「調適性3C模式」(Adaptive 3C Model)，提供裝配業作為規劃共同性零組件備料決策之用。
調適性3C模式以成本極小化為目標式，考量產能與物料限制，可求出企業在固定期間內最佳的共同性零組件備料上限。透過情境分析，比較調適性3C模式與現有常用備料模式的績效，可以得到以下結論：
1.傳統常用備料模式在需求變異性低、零組件共同性低的製造環境中
仍舊表現良好。但面臨市場環境趨向產品生命週期短、創新性高，
需求難以預測，傳統常用備料模式的績效因運作環境的劇烈變化而
大受侷限。
2.3C備料模式在缺貨成本高、需求變異性大的環境中表現優於傳統常
用備料模式，可解決高變動環境中的缺貨成本問題。但其忽略持有
成本的假設與現實環境有相當背離，造成該模式在其他情境下表現
欠佳，且規則式的計算方法在製程複雜時會極為繁雜，實際運用上
有其困難。
3.調適性 3C備料模式同時運用零組件共同性與最適化機制，能提供
低而穩定的成本績效，切合實務運用環境需求。

Abstract
Common parts have been extensively used in the assembly industry, yet current MRP models still fail to deal with the issue of component commonality in manufacturing environments. This thesis will discuss the shortcomings of recent practices in material planning. A new model for planning common components, Adaptive 3C model, is proposed, and the performances of different material planning models are compared in the thesis.
The “Adaptive 3C” model, developed in the thesis, considers both the capacity and materials constraints, and provides an optimal up-to-level quantity for common parts replenishments in planning horizon to minimize the overall system costs. It revised the traditional “3C model” to utilize the concept of component commonality, and incorporates a cost optimization mechanism.
To compare this model’s performance with other currently implemented models, experiments are conducted under 8 scenarios with simulated data, and under 4 scenarios with real industrial data. The results show that overall performance of “Adaptive 3C” model is superior to other planning models, and Adaptive 3C model is especially recommended as an ideal planning method when holding costs of common parts are relatively higher, and the demand uncertainty of end-products is higher.

目錄
致謝……………………………………………………………………...i
論文摘要………………………………………………………………..ii
Abstract.………………………………………………………………iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………..vi
圖次…………………………………………………………………….vii
表次……………………………………………………………………viii
第一章 　緒論…………………………………………………………...1
1.1　研究動機……………………………………………………………...1
1.2　研究目的……………………………………………………………...2
1.3　研究架構……………………………………………………………...3
1.4　論文架構……………………………………………………………...3
第二章　文獻探討…………………………………………………………..5
2.1 零組件共同性的相關研究……………………………………...5
2.2 常用備料模式的相關研究……………………………………...7
2.2.1　MRP的發展與困境…………………………………………………..7
2.2.2　3C備料模式………..……………………………………………...9
2.2.3　業界現行的解決之道……..…………………………………....10
第三章 　調適性3C備料模式的建立………………………………....12
3.1　基本假設…………………………………………………………….14
3.2　調適性3C備料模式…………………………………………………14
3.2.1　註標說明……………………………………………………...15
3.2.2　相關變數說明………………………………………………...15
3.2.3　目標與限制式………………………………………………...16
第四章 　備料模式的模擬資料分析……………………………….19
4.1　情境設計說明……………………………………………………….20
4.1.1 參數設計……………………………………………………….20
4.1.2 情境設計……………………………………………………….21
4.2　常用備料模式說明………………………………………………….22
4.2.1 MRP備料方式…………………………………………………23
4.2.2 Up-to-S備料方式……………………………………………23
4.2.3 3C備料方式…………………………………………………23
4.3 各模式成本比較……………………………………………24
4.3.1　缺貨成本………………………………………………………24
4.3.2　持有成本………………………………………………………25
4.3.3　總成本…………………………………………………………25
4.4　本章結論……………………………………………………………26
第五章　備料模式的實證資料分析…………………………………...29
5.1　情境設計說明………………………………………………………30
5.1.1　參數設計……………………………………………………...30
5.1.2　情境設計……………………………………………………...31
5.2　常用備料模式說明………………………………………………….32
5.2.1　MRP備料方式………………………………………………..32
5.2.2　Up-to-S備料方式…………………………………………….32
5.2.3　3C備料方式…………………………………………………..33
5.3 各模式成本比較…………………………………………..33
5.3.1　缺貨成本………………………………………………………33
5.3.2　持有成本………………………………………………………34
5.3.3　總成本…………………………………………………………35
5.4　本章結論…………………………………………………………36
第六章　結論與建議………………………………………………….38
6.1　結論……………………………………………………………….38
6.1.1　研究結論……………………………………………………...38
6.1.2　論文貢獻……………………………………………………...40
6.2 未來研究方向……………………………………………….40
參考文獻………………………………………………………………..42

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