隨著網際網路的發展，各種不同的應用相繼出現，它們根據自己的需求與特性，往往需要網路提供不同的服務品質保證（QoS）。整合性服務（Integrated Services）和資源保留協定（RSVP）被設計用來提供服務品質保證，但是整合性服務架構存在著擴充性（scalability）的問題。差異化服務（Differentiated Services）試著在增加擴充性的同時仍能提供服務品質保證，但是目前所能提供的是質化的服務品質保證。
所以本論文設計了一個在差異化網路下的服務模式，它擁有差異化服務擴充性的的特性，也擁有整合性服務般的量化服務品質保證。
本論文並以應用為導向，因為不同網路應用要求的服務品質往往是不相同的，而在同一個網路架構下整合不同的應用因而可以帶來許多效益。我們選擇即時且無遺失資料流、聲音應用資料流、影像應用資料流等三種常見且越來越重要的應用類型，並以同時滿足封包最大延遲上限和封包遺失率兩項服務品質保證為目標。在衡量架構的可行性時並特別著重在不同資料流之間的公平性。
經過模擬後，發現我們提出的架構可以在滿足服務品質保證的前提下，為不同應用提供不同的網路資源保留機制，不同資料流之間的公平性也得以保存。

Different types of applications have diverse QoS requirements. It’s hard to meet these requirements in Internet today. Integrated Services is presented to provide QoS. Since this architecture comes with scalability problem, Differentiated Services tries to prevent this problem and provide QoS in the same time.
In this study, we design and evaluate an architecture based on Differentiated Services architecture. It has IntServ-like quantitative QoS characteristic but without scalability problem.
Because different applications need different QoS requirements, our architecture is application-oriented. We choose real-time without loss application, real-time voice application, and real-time video application as our target applications. Because real-time applications concern bounded packet delay and bounded packet loss most, we try to satisfy these QoS in the same time. When we evaluate the feasibility of our architecture, we emphasize on the fairness among different flows, too.
Through simulation, we analyze the performance of our architecture. The results show that our architecture meets delay and loss QoS requirements both and it maintains fairness among different flows.

第一章緒論1
第一節研究動機1
第二節研究目的2
第三節論文架構3
第二章文獻探討4
第一節整合性服務（Integrated Services）4
2.1.1Controlled-Load Services4
2.1.2Guaranteed Services5
2.1.3RSVP5
2.1.4整合性服務擴充性的問題5
第二節差異化服務（Differentiated Services）6
2.2.1基本精神6
2.2.2架構流程6
2.2.3Assured Forwarding（AF）7
2.2.4Expedited Forwarding（EF）8
2.2.5差異化服務架構的討論9
第三節“Summed TSpec”[9]9
第四節“Equivalent Capacity”[10]11
第三章架構設計13
第四章即時且無遺失應用16
第一節應用範圍16
第二節架構細節16
第三節效能評估17
4.3.1模擬環境17
4.3.2網路資料流17
4.3.3實驗一18
4.3.4實驗二19
4.3.5實驗三20
4.3.6實驗四21
第四節討論23
第五章聲音應用24
第一節應用範圍24
第二節架構細節24
第三節效能評估28
5.3.1模擬環境28
5.3.2網路資料流28
5.3.3實驗一29
第四節公平性和連續封包遺失40
5.4.1公平性指標41
5.4.2使用RED來解決公平性和連續封包遺失42
5.4.3實驗二43
第五節資料流數目較多的情形49
5.5.1實驗一49
5.5.2使用RED增加公平性56
5.5.3資料流數目較多時的討論57
第六節討論59
第六章影像應用61
第一節影像應用網路資料流61
第二節影像應用網路流量分析65
第三節Exponential ON/OFF72
6.3.1資料分析72
6.3.2實驗一至三74
6.3.3實驗四至六75
6.3.4實驗資料分析77
第四節Smoothing at Edge Router81
6.4.1TSpec參數的取得83
6.4.2資料流特徵83
6.4.3由資料流特徵對應到TSpec參數88
6.4.4資料分析89
6.4.5實驗一91
6.4.6實驗二95
6.4.7smoothness96
6.4.8實驗三100
6.4.9多個資料流的結果100
6.4.10其它影片的比較101
6.4.11資料分析105
4.6.12實驗四105
6.4.13固定影像品質的MPEG1影片107
第五節討論109
第七章結論110

[1]R. Braden, Ed., et. al., "Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) - Version 1 Functional Specification", RFC 2205, September 1997.
[2]J. Wroclawski , “The Use of RSVP with IETF Integrated Services”, RFC 2210, September 1997.
[3]J. Wroclawski, "Specification of the Controlled Load Quality of Service", RFC 2211, September 1997.
[4]S. Shenker, Partridge, C., and R. Guerin, "Specification of Guaranteed Quality of Service", RFC 2212, September 1997.
[5]K. Nicols, S. Blake, F. Baker, D. Black, "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers", RFC 2474, December 1998.
[6]S. Blake, D. Black, M. Carlson, E. Davies, Z. Wang, W. Weiss, "An Architecture for Differentiated Services", RFC 2475, Dec. 1998.
[7]J. Heinanen, F. Baker, W. Weiss, J. Wroclawski, "Assured Forwarding PHB Group", RFC 2597, Jun. 1999.
[8]V. Jacobson, Kathleen Nichols, Kedernath Poduri, "An Expedited Forwarding PHB", RFC 2598, Jun. 1999.
[9]J. Schmitt, Karsten, M., Wolf, L., Steinmetz, R., “Aggregation of guaranteed service flows”, Quality of Service, 1999. IWQoS '99. 1999 Seventh International Workshop, 1999 , pp. 147 —155
[10]R. Guerin, H. Ahmadi, and M. Naghshineh, “Equivalent capacity and its application to bandwidth allocation in high-speed networks,” IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun., vol. 9, pp. 968-981, 1991.
[11]K. Sriram, “Dynamic bandwidth allocation and congestion control schemes for voice and data multiplexing in wideband packet technology”, IEEE International Conference on Communication, 1990 , Page(s): 1003 -1009 vol.3
[12]C. E. May and T. J. Zebo, unpublished paper, AT&T Bell Laboratories, December 1981.
[13]D. O. Bowker, unpublished paper, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, New Jersey, 1987.
[14]N. D. Doulamis, Doulamis, A. D., Konstantoulakis, G. E., Stassinopoulos, G. I., “Efficient Modeling of VBR MPEG-1 Coded Video Sources”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems for Video Technology, Volume: 10, 1 , Feb. 2000 , Page(s): 93 —112
[15]A. A. Lazar, Pacifici, G., Pendarakis, D. E., “Modeling Video Sources for Real-Time Scheduling”, GLOBECOM '93., 1993 , Page(s): 835 -839 vol.2