由於社會愈進步，人們環保意識抬頭，所以越注重以環境為導向的有機農業，然而和化學肥料一樣，有機肥料的使用不當也會對環境造成衝擊。因此，在高雄改良場探討有機肥料不同的施用量對蔬菜生長與養分吸收的影響。試驗於 PE 布網室設施內進行，採四種不同有機肥料用量處理 (每三個月每公頃 170、340、510、680 公斤氮)，以化學肥料區及不施肥區為對照，2001 年 2 月後堆肥區用量改為每期每公頃 70、140、210、280 公斤氮。栽培之蔬菜作物包括五種小白菜 (鳳山、三鳳二號、鳳珍、尼龍、青芳白菜)、二種葉萵苣 (彩葉萵苣及亮葉萵苣)、二種莧菜 (紅莧及白莧菜) 及二種蕹菜 (桃改一號及竹葉種)。作物於具商品價值時採收，經烘乾後，分析植物體之氮組成 (包括總氮、硝酸態氮、可溶性還原態氮與不溶性氮) 及磷、鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳與鋅之濃度。此外，於 2000 年 9 月 27 日、11 月 6 日及 2001 年 1 月 30 日、7 月 11 日採集各試區表層土壤，並分析其 pH 值、飽和水導電度、有機質、銨態氮、硝酸態氮、Bray-1 磷、Mehlich Ⅲ萃取之鉀、鈣、鎂、鐵、錳及鋅。
試驗結果顯示，不同種及不同品系的蔬菜對相同有機肥料的反應各異，故其植體乾重和養分濃度都有所差異。但整體而言，在土壤肥力不低的情形下，施用低量植物性有機肥料 (70 kg N ha-1 或 140 kg N ha-1) 時，其植體乾物質產量即和化學肥料處理相近。各蔬菜之總氮、磷、鉀濃度及吸收量皆隨有機肥料施用量的增加而漸增，但不同蔬菜或不同品系其增加幅度各異。不同用量有機肥料處理之葉萵苣及莧菜其硝酸態氮濃度顯著低於化學肥料處理者，小白菜及蕹菜則依有機肥料施用量而定。而植體錳、鋅濃度和吸收量也皆以有機肥料處理顯著低於化學肥料處理者，顯示土壤中有機物的增加，具有減少作物吸收微量金屬元素的作用。此外，土壤 EC 值、有機質、硝酸態氮、Bray-1 磷、可萃取性鉀、鈣、鎂都隨有機肥料施用量之增加而提高，且可萃取性鈣、鎂隨連續施用而有累積現象，但銨態氮、可萃取性鐵、錳、鋅並不影響，且化學肥料處理之土壤可萃取性錳、鋅濃度顯著高於其他處理，此應與土壤 pH 有關。因此，以生產成本及環境生態的觀點來看，蔬菜有機肥的施用需適量，以免資源浪費又破壞環境品質。

Organic farming has received more and more attention from environmentalists, asriculturists, and consumers in recent years. However, just as chemical fertilizers, improperly use of organic fertilizers would cause a great impact on the environment. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of the different application rates of organic fertilizer on the vegetable growth and nutrient uptake. The experimental site was located in Chishan, Kaohsiung County, southern Taiwan. The experiments were conducted in greenhouse. There were six treatments including four different application rates of the organic fertilizer treated-plots (170, 340, 510, and 680 kg N ha-1 per three crops), a no fertilizer treated control, and a chemical fertilizer-treated plot. The application rates of the organic fertilizer were 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N ha-1 per crop, respectively, after February 2001. The vegetables cultivated included five cultivars of Pak-choi (Fongshan, Sangfong No. 2, Niling, Chingfang, and Fongjen), two cultivars of leafy lettuce (colored-leaf and bright-leaf), two cultivars of amaranth (red-leaf and white-leaf), and two cultivars of water convolvulus (Toagai No. 1 and Juyeh), respectively. The vegetables were sampled when they reached marketable size. After being drying to constant weight at 65℃, the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, soluble reduced nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc were analyzed. The topsoil was also sampled on Sep. 27, 2000, Nov. 6, 2000, Jan. 30, 2001, and July 11, 2001 after the vegetable was harvested. The pH, electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter, and the concentration of ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 extractable P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcim, magnesium, iron, manganese, and zinc of the soil were all determined.
The results indicated that the response of vegetables of different kinds and different cultivars to the same organic fertilizer was different. However, the dry matter yields of the low application rates of organic fertilizer (70 kg N ha-1 or 140 kg N ha-1) were similar to that of the chemical fertilizer-treated one. The concentration and uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium of the vegetables increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer, but in different degree with different vegetables or different cultivars. The nitrate concentrations of the different rates of organic fertilizer-treated leafy lettuce and the amaranth were significantly lower than those of the chemical fertilizer-treated ones, however, the nitrate concentrations of the Pak-choi and the water convolvulus depended on the application rates of the organic fertilizer. The concentrations of manganese and zinc of all vegetables treated with organic fertilizer were significantly lower than those of the chemical fertilizer-treated ones. This meant that the uptake of heavy metal by crops reduced when the soil organic matter content increased. The electrical conductivity of saturation extract, organic matter content and the concentration of nitrate nitrogen, Bray-1 P, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable potassium, calcim, and magnesium of soil increased with the increasing application rates of the organic fertilizer. However, the concentrations of ammonium nitrogen, Mehlich Ⅲ exchangeable iron, manganese, and zinc in the soil were not affected by the organic matter content of the soil. Besides, the concentrations of exchangeable soil manganese and zinc of chemical fertilizer-treated plots were significantly higher than those of organic fertilizer-treated ones. This is possibly due to differing in soil pH. In summary, from the point of view of environmental ecology and economics, the application rate of the organic fertilizer should be appropriate.

目錄
頁次
摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅰ
Abstract ------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅲ
目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅵ
表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅶ
圖目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ⅸ
前言 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
前人研究 ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2
材料與方法 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
結果與討論 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 20
一、 不同用量有機質肥料施用後對土壤理化性質的影響 ----------- 20
二、 不同用量有機質肥料對不同蔬菜生長與養分吸收的影響 ----- 31
(一) 小白菜 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
(二) 葉萵苣 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 61
(三) 莧菜 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
(四) 蕹菜 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 79
(五) 小白菜、葉萵苣、莧菜及蕹菜之植體養分濃度比較 -------------- 93
結論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 95
參考文獻 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 97

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