隨世界人口的增加，無形中也提高了糧食需求的壓力。由於化學肥料及化學農藥的大量使用，被認為是對自然產生較大衝擊的耕作方式，因此，近年來天然資源的維護及永續利用觀念逐漸被重視。提倡有機農業或永續農業，注重農畜廢棄物堆肥化以提供作物養分來源；然而有機物堆肥化過程及堆肥品質，有待探討之問題仍多。因此，本試驗針對兩種不同來源（動物性堆肥、植物性堆肥）之有機物，探討在堆肥化過程中，養分含量及物理性質等變化，以期能求出其與堆肥的腐熟度之間的關係，並且測定堆肥成品，在貯藏期間養分含量及物理性質變化，以作為堆肥貯藏之參考。
試驗分為兩個部分，探討有機物堆肥化過程及堆肥成品貯藏過程，其肥料養分含量及物理性質的變化。堆肥化過程變化探討的試驗，所採用的有機物肥料來源分別是，牛糞堆肥及豌豆苗渣堆肥；在堆肥化過程中，每七天或十四天採樣一次；肥料成品貯藏過程試驗的樣品則有牛糞堆肥、豬糞堆肥、雞糞堆肥、豌豆苗渣堆肥等，每個月採樣一次。所有樣品均測定水分含量、pH值、導電度 (EC)、E4/E6比值、有機物質、氮（包括全氮、不溶性氮、銨態氮、硝酸態氮）、磷、鉀及一些金屬元素（包括鈣、鎂、鐵、錳、鋅、銅）等。
結果顯示，在有機物堆肥化過程中，其水分含量、有機物質含量降低，導電度、E4/E6比值提高，pH值則無顯著變化，氮以硝酸態氮、總氮含量顯著提高之外，其他氮含量變化則不顯著，磷、鉀及金屬元素含量皆為提高的趨勢；而在堆肥成品貯藏過程中，堆肥之物理性質及養分含量維持穩定，無顯著變化。可知在堆肥化的過程中，堆肥的物理性質及養分含量的變化，隨堆肥的腐熟而趨於穩定，在堆肥腐熟後，其物理性質及養分含量會維持穩定狀態。
試驗結果顯示，各種有機堆肥性質中，仍以碳氮比為最佳的腐熟度指標，其他性質則可當作輔助參考。經腐熟的堆肥具有穩定、無毒害等良好的堆肥品質，而在堆肥的製作上，仍須以作物生長需求為考量。

Increasing in population of the world increases the food demand. It is supposed that traditional agriculture in which high quantities of chemical fertilizer and pesticides are applied has a great impart on the environment, therefore, organic farming or sustainable farming is advocated and becomes more popular recently. Although utilization of waste as sources of nutrients for crop is well-known for thousands of year, there are some problems need to solve about the quality and maturity of compost. The objectives of this study were to determine the composting characteristics of two different organic sources and changes of composition of different composts during one year storage.
In studying of composting characteristics, six treatments including four cattle manure composts with different composition and amendments (CC1, CC2, CF1, and CF2) and two composts of pea seedling residues (PC1, PC2) were made. After completely mixed and piled, samples were taken every one or two weeks according to composting period. In the study of the changes of compost during storage, seven different commercial composts which were freshly prepared were used. The composts were three pea residue composts (PS1, PS2, and PS3), two cattle manure composts (CS1, CS2), a chicken manure compost (FL), and a hog manure compost (H). Samples were taken once a month. After drying to constant weight, and grounded, the moisture content, pH, electric conductivity (EC), E4/E6 ratio, organic matter (OM), ash, the concentrations of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, insoluble nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc were determined.
The results showed that electric conductivity and E4/E6 ratio of composts were increased with composting. The concentration of total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, copper, and zinc of composts were also increased with composting. The moisture content and organic matter content of composts were decreased with composting. There were no significant changes in electric conductivity, E4/E6 ratio, total nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen, and ammonium nitrogen concentration, ash content, and mineral composition during storage of compost.
As a result, it’s suggested that the C/N ratio is a better indicator of compost maturity. However, other characteristics such nitrate nitrogen concentration can be used as accessory indicator of maturity.

目錄
頁次
謝誌 Ⅰ
摘要 Ⅱ
Abstract Ⅳ
目錄 Ⅴ
表目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 Ⅶ
附表目錄 Ⅸ
前言 1
前人研究 4
材料與方法 8
結果與討論 17
一、水分 17
二、pH值 18
三、EC值 19
四、灰分 24
五、E4/E6比值 26
六、有機物及有機碳 28
七、氮 31
八、磷 46
九、鉀、鈣和鎂 47
十、鐵、錳、銅和鋅 52
結論 59
參考文獻 61
附錄 67
表目錄
表一、有機物堆肥化過程各有機物堆肥組成 10
表二、有機物堆肥成品貯藏過程各有機物堆肥成品組成 11
表三、不同來源有機物堆肥化前後磷含量 46
表四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程前後磷含量 47
圖目錄
圖一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程水分含量變化 21
圖二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程水分含量變化 21
圖三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程 pH變化 22
圖四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程 pH變化 22
圖五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程電導度變化 23
圖六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程電導度變化 23
圖七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程灰分變化 25
圖八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程灰分變化 25
圖九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程 E4/E6 比變化 27
圖十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程 E4/E6 比變化 27
圖十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程有機質含量變化 29
圖十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程有機質含量變化 29
圖十三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程有機碳含量變化 30
圖十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程有機碳含量變化 30
圖十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程碳氮比變化 32
圖十六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程碳氮比變化 32
圖十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程總氮含量變化 34
圖十八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程總氮含量變化 34
圖十九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程不溶性氮含量變化 36
圖二十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程不溶性氮含量變化 36
圖二十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銨態氮含量變化 39
圖二十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銨態氮含量變化 39
圖二十三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程硝酸態氮含量變化 41
圖二十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程硝酸態氮含量變化 41
圖二十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銨態氮/硝態氮比 44
圖二十六、不同來源有腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銨態氮/硝酸態氮 44
圖二十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程總氮流失率變化 45
圖二十八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程總氮流失率變化 45
圖二十九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鉀含量變化 49
圖三十、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鈣含量變化 50
圖三十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鎂含量變化 50
圖三十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鉀含量變化 51
圖三十三、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鈣含量變化 51
圖三十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鎂含量變化 52
圖三十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鐵含量變化 54
圖三十六、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程錳含量變化 55
圖三十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銅含量變化 55
圖三十八、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鋅含量變化 56
圖三十九、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鐵含量變化 56
圖四十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程錳含量變化 57
圖四十一、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銅含量變化 57
圖四十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鋅含量變化 58
附表目錄
圖一、有機物堆肥化過程溫度變化 67
表一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程水分含量變化 68
表二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程水分含量變化 69
表三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程 pH變化 70
表四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程 pH變化 71
表五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程電導度變化 72
表六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程電導度變化 73
表七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程灰分變化 74
表八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程灰分變化 75
表九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程 E4/E6 比變化 76
表十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程中 E4/E6 比變化 77
表十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程有機質含量變化 78
表十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程有機質含量變化 79
表十三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程有機碳含量變化 80
表十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程有機碳含量變化 81
表十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程碳氮比變化 82
表十六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程碳氮比變化 83
表十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程總氮含量變化 84
表十八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程總氮含量變化 85
表十九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程不溶性氮含量變化 86
表二十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程不溶性氮含量變化 87
表二十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銨態氮含量變化 88
表二十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銨態氮含量變化 89
表二十三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程硝酸態氮含量變化 90
表二十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程硝酸態氮含量變化 91
表二十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銨態氮/硝態氮比 92
表二十六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銨態氮/硝態氮比 92
表二十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程氮流失率變化 93
表二十八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程氮流失率變化 93
表二十九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鉀含量變化 94
表三十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鉀含量變化 95
表三十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鈣含量變化 96
表三十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鈣含量變化 97
表三十三、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鎂含量變化 98
表三十四、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鎂含量變化 99
表三十五、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鐵含量變化 100
表三十六、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鐵含量變化 101
表三十七、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程錳含量變化 102
表三十八、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程錳含量變化 103
表三十九、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程銅含量變化 104
表四十、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程銅含量變化 105
表四十一、不同來源有機物堆肥化過程鋅含量變化 106
表四十二、不同來源腐熟堆肥貯藏過程鋅含量變化 107

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