本研究主要是探討植入式肌肉神經微電刺激系統中體外患者操控器的基本架構及其實現的方法。患者操控器包含兩大部分：(1)是資料控制器，負責數位刺激資料的產生與控制。(2)是射頻功率驅動器，負責體內植入式晶片的電源供應與刺激資料的傳送。數位刺激資料控制器則是採用Altera公司之 FPGA晶片FLEX 10K50EQC241-1及一些週邊的人機介面元件：包括４＊１６文字型液晶顯示器及４＊４鍵盤來實現。數位刺激資料控制器所傳送的資料格式訂為22位元，內含各種刺激訊號碼及漢明檢測碼，經曼徹斯特碼調變後以125Kbps的速率送到射頻功率驅動器。整個數位刺激資料控制器主要包含了六個模組，以VHDL語言來撰寫，分別是漢明碼模組、曼徹斯特編碼模組、記憶體模組、鍵盤控制模組、LCD控制模組及狀態機模組。射頻功率驅動器則是以E類射頻功率放大器，搭配內徑35mm的里茲發射線圈為架構來完成。為考慮系統的穩定度，吾人將發射線圈的2MHz載波訊號做適當的回授控制。刺激資料則是藉由零電流切換技術，以On/Off Keying (OOK)將載波訊號調變並透過電磁耦合的方式傳送出去，並利用一虛擬負載測試下，在15mm距離時可達30mW，此功率基本上足夠供應體內新一代植入式晶片的需要。本研究已初步達成了體外患者操控器的主要性能指標，未來將可就積體化、穩定性及PC資料連結方面再努力。

In this thesis, we studied the implementation for the external patient’s controller of an implanted neuromuscular micro stimulator system. This patient’s controller is composed of two main parts: (1) the data controller which generates and controls digital stimulating patterns; and (2) the radio power driver which supplies power and transmits data to the internal micro stimulator system. The hardware compositions of the data controller include an Altera’s FLEX 10K50EQC241-1 FPGA chip, a 4 * 16 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) and a 4*4 keypad scanner. The FPGA chip of the data controller consists of six modules, which are the Hamming code module, the Manchester code module, the Read Only Memory (ROM) module, the keypad control module, the LCD control module, and the Finite State Machine (FSM) module, all writed by VHDL hardware description language. The Data format of 22 bits length encoded by Manchester code is sent to the radio power driver from the data controller with a data rate at 125 Kbps. The radio power driver is basically a class-E oscillator with transmitting coil constructed by Litz wire. In this class-E oscillator, transformer-coupling feedback control is used to improve the stability of system. As for the data modulation, we use the modulation of On-Off Keying (OOK) by a zero-current switching technique . With inductive coupling, it can be transmitted at a rate higher than 125kbps given a 2MHz carrier. To evaluate the power reception, we have used a virtual load to test the radio power driver. Experiments showed that the power received reached 30 mW at a 15mm distance. Our results show that the radio power driver provided enough power to the implanted chip, considering the power consumption requirement given today’s micro stimulator technology. In this study, we have successfully completed the main functions necessary for a patient’s controller. Further explorations may include miniaturization, stability, and PC communication.

中文摘要 Ⅰ
ABSTRACT Ⅱ
誌謝 Ⅲ
目次 Ⅳ
表目錄 Ⅵ
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與目的 1
1.2 植入式微電刺激系統的架構描述 5
1.3 研究方向 7
第二章 材料與方法 8
2.1 FPGA設計 8
2.1.1 FPGA應用與發展 8
2.1.2 FPGA的設計流程 11
2.1.3 MAX+plusⅡ 13
2.1.4 VHDL 15
2.2 資料控制器設計 17
2.2.1 制定系統規格 17
2.2.2 制定通訊協定 20
2.2.3 誤碼檢測 22
2.2.4 傳輸編碼 28
2.2.5 週邊元件 30
2.2.5.1 文字型液晶顯示器及鍵盤規劃 31
2.3 射頻功率驅動器設計 36
2.3.1 E類放大器基本原理 36
2.3.2 E類振盪器與OOK調變 39
第三章 結果 41
3.1 資料控制器模擬結果與實體驗證 41
3.1.1 時序模擬與分析 41
3.1.2 實體驗證 55
3.2 射頻功率驅動器實體驗證 57
3.2.1 發射線圈 57
3.2.2 E類射頻功率放大器 58
3.2.3 虛擬負載測試 60
3.3 患者操控器系統 62
第四章 結論與未來發展 63
4.1 結論 63
4.2 未來發展 63
參考文獻 65
表目錄
表1.1 植入式微電刺激系統功率發射器發展概況 4
表1.2 植入式微電刺激系統資料傳送格式之回顧 4
表2.1 植入式微電刺激系統規格表 17
表2.2 刺激資料與漢明碼組合之相對位置 24
表2.3 漢明碼真值表 26
表2.4 漢明碼誤碼檢測法則 27
表2.5 LCD模組之接腳說明 31
表2.6 LCD模組操作方式 32
表2.7 LCD模組操作指令對照表 34
表2.8 4*4鍵盤規劃方式 35
表3.1 不同頻率下發射線圈的特性 58
表3.2 可攜式體外患者操控器重要特性 62
圖目錄
圖1.1 表面電刺激系統示意圖 1
圖1.2 植入式微電刺激系統示意圖 3
圖1.3 植入式微電刺激系統方塊圖 5
圖2.1 FPGA設計之流程 11
圖2.2 MAX+plusⅡ設計環境之流程 13
圖2.3 微電雙相刺激電流理想示意波形 18
圖2.4 單工傳輸 18
圖2.5 刺激資料格式設計 20
圖2.6 NRZ碼與曼徹斯特碼編碼格式 28
圖2.7 資料控制器的整體架構 30
圖2.8 LCD模組操作時序圖 33
圖2.9 4*4輸入鍵盤上視圖 35
圖2.10 基本的理想E類放大器電路圖 36
圖2.11 理想E類放大器電壓與電流波形 38
圖2.12 OOK調變 39
圖3.1 鍵盤程式之設計流程圖 42
圖3.2 鍵盤圖形介面模組 42
圖3.3 鍵盤程式模擬之結果 43
圖3.4 控制LCD圖形介面模組 44
圖3.5 LCD控制模組程式模擬結果 44
圖3.6 漢明碼圖形介面模組 46
圖3.7 漢明碼模組程式之模擬結果 46
圖3.8 曼徹斯特編碼圖形介面模組 47
圖3.9 依據曼徹斯特編碼理論運算結果 47
圖3.10 曼徹斯特編碼程式之模擬結果 48
圖3.11　LPM ROＭ記憶體設定 49
圖3.12 狀態機流程圖(一) 51
圖3.13 狀態機流程圖(二) 52
圖3.14 狀態機流程圖(三) 53
圖3.15 狀態機圖形介面模組 54
圖3.16 資料控制器實體照片 55
圖3.17 資料控制器輸出之實測結果 56
圖3.18 發射線圈之實體照片 57
圖3.19 整體射頻驅動器電路 58
圖3.20 射頻驅動電路實際載波訊號 59
圖3.21 OOK調變的波形 60
圖3.22 虛擬負載測試等效電路 60
圖3.23 接收功率與距離的關係 61
圖3.24 患者操控器實際操作圖 62

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