臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究探討在不同濃度極化現象時，對於NaCl、Na2SO4、PEG200與PEG600溶液的分離成效與傳輸、去除機制的情形。
在本研究的操作條件(固定進流濃度為5 10-4 molar fraction，操作壓力在60~140 psi)下，薄膜對於NaCl、Na2SO4、PEG200和PEG600的去除率為20~40%、89~96%、46~54%與93%；且有無濃度極化現象對去除率的影響趨勢並不明顯。且在本研究的實驗條件下，Hydrosep薄膜並不具帶電性，因此主要的溶質去除機制為篩除效應和表面作用力。
將本研究以Kimura與Sourirajun的模式來定量去除率與穩態清水通量之間的關係，在固定掃流速度為0.15 m/s時，NaCl的平均溶質輸送參數為5.57×10-6 m/s，平均Aid值為4.78 10-15 (m)；而在固定掃流速度為0.50 m/s時，Na2SO4的平均溶質輸送參數為2.29 10-7 m/s，平均Aid值為3.56 10-1 (m)。

The research discuss the influence of concentration polarization to NF membrane separation mechanism and rejection effect.
Under the constant situation the rejection rate of NaCl、Na2SO4、PEG200and PEG600 are during 20~40%、89~96%、46~54% and 93% respectlly. And the used Hydorsep NF membrane is no charge so the concentration polarization effect the rejection rate less. NF membrane mainly rejection mechanism is seving effect and surface force.
The research according Kimura and Sourirajun model to quantify the relationship about rejection rate and flux, the result is under the constant cross-flow velocity the average solute transport parameter and dynamic solution permeability of NaCl is 5.57×10-6 m/s and 4.78 10-15 (m)；the average solute transport parameter and dynamic solution permeability of Na2SO4 is 2.29×10-7 m/s and 3.56 10-15 (m).

目 錄
封面內頁
簽名頁
授權書……..…………………………………………………..….…….iii
中文摘要……...…………………………………………….…..……….v
英文摘要……….……………………………………………………….vi
誌謝……………………………………………………….……………vii
目錄……..…………………..…………………………………..……..viii
表目錄…….……………………………………………………………..x
圖目錄……..………………………………………………………….xii
第一章 前言……………………………………………………………..1
1.1研究緣起…………………………………………………..1
1.2研究目的…………………………………………………..2
1.3研究內容………………………………………………......2
第二章 文獻回顧……………………………………………………......3
2.1薄膜的基本性質與分類…………….………… ………......3
2.1.1薄膜的材質…………..………….… ……………..….4
2.1.2薄膜操作的分類. ………..……..………………….....5
2.1.3薄膜的組件………………...……….………………...8
2.1.4薄膜操作參數……………..….……….…………..….8
2.2 NF薄膜的分離原理…..…………..……… ………..…8
2.3 NF薄膜對自來水中污染物質的去除…………….…11
2.4薄膜的清水通量衰減與分離成效的預測模式…………..14
2.4.1阻塞係數…………………… …………...……….....14
2.4.2不同阻塞機制對清水通量的影響……… ………….14
2.4.3無濃度極化時的模式參數計算… ………………….16
2.4.4有濃度極化時的清水通量衰減表示式……….….…16
第三章 實驗方法與設備…………………………………………….…21
3.1研究流程……………………… .………………….………21
3.2實驗材料……………… ……….……………………...….22
3.2.1 實驗裝置………… …………………..……………22
3.2.2 所使用的NF薄膜種類………………….. ……….26
3.2.3 進流液的選擇……………… ……..………………27
3.2.4 分析方法…………………………………………..28
3.3新NF膜的預備試驗……… .……………………………29
3.4薄膜對試驗水樣的試驗………………………… ………30
第四章 結果與討論…………………………………...……………….33
4.1 臨界掃流速度的決定…………………… .……………33
4.2 濃度極化現象對溶質之去除率的影響………… .….36
4.3溶質之傳輸與去除機制的探討…………….....……...39
4.4分離成效之預測模式的建立與驗證………………...…46
第五章 結論與建議………………………………………………..…..55
參考文獻………………………….…………………………………….57
圖目錄
圖2.1 濃度極化層與溶質傳輸示意圖……………………………..….15
圖2.2 清水通量與操作壓力之間的關係圖……………………….…..16
圖3.1 研究流程圖…….………………………………………..…...….21
圖3.2 DiGiano等人建立的批次式循環薄膜試驗裝置圖…………….22
圖3.3 本研究的批次式循環薄膜試驗設備……………………...……24
圖3.4 新膜的清水流量隨時間的變化關係…………………………...30
圖4.1 掃流速度與操作壓力對NaCl之穩態清水流量的影響…….…34
圖4.2 掃流速度與操作壓力對Na2SO4之穩態清水流量的影響…….35
圖4.3 掃流速度與操作壓力對PEG200之穩態清水流量的影響……35
圖4.4 掃流速度與操作壓力對PEG600之穩態清水流量的影響……36
圖4.5 操作壓力對NaCl與Na2SO4溶質通量的影響……….…….…..40
圖4.6 操作壓力對PEG200與PEG600溶質通量的影響……………..41
圖4.7 以Na2SO4的結果為例，計算式(4.3)中的參數……………...….43
圖4.8 NaCl在不同操作壓力時的溶質傳輸機制比例…..…………….44
圖4.9 Na2SO4在不同操作壓力時的溶質傳輸機制比例...…..………..44
圖4.10 PEG200在不同操作壓力時的溶質傳輸機制比例..……….….45
圖4.11 NaCl及Na2SO4之進流濃度與去除率之關係……………...46
圖4.12 Aid與不同進流濃度間的關係…………………………………47
圖4.13 NaCl去除率與穩態清水通量的關係圖…..……………..….48
圖4.14 Na2SO4去除率與穩態清水通量的關係圖.…………………48
圖4.15 PEG200去除率與穩態清水通量的關係...………….………49
圖4.16 PEG600去除率與穩態清水通量的關係圖…..………….….50
圖4.17 以模式模擬NaCl之去除率的實驗結果……….………..…51
圖4.18 以模式模擬Na2SO4之去除率的實驗結果……………...…52
圖4.19 NaCl的進流濃度對其溶質輸送參數的影響.…….….….….53
圖4.20以模式模擬NaCl之去除率與實驗值的比較結果…………..………...…….52

參考文獻
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▪ 國科會專題研究計畫，「前處理對NF薄膜程序影響之研究」，計畫主持人：葉宣顯教授，成功大學環境工程學系，計畫編號：NSC 88-2211-E-006-023，民國88年7月。
▪ 台灣省自來水公司專案計畫，「澄清湖高級淨水處理模型廠試驗研究」(第一年)，計畫主持人：葉宣顯教授，成功大學環境工程學系，民國88年8月。
▪ 高山鎮，「薄膜阻塞控制之研究」，碩士論文，國立成功大學環 境工程學研所，民國89年6月。
▪ 國科會專題研究計畫，「NF薄膜程序應用於淨水處理時的阻塞行為與分離成效之研究」，計畫主持人：柯雅雯教授，大葉大學環境工程學系，計畫編號：NSC，民國90年8月。
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