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研究生:唐日新
研究生(外文):Tang, Jih-Hsin
論文名稱:社群導向系統的使用者需求擷取之研究
論文名稱(外文):A Study of User Requirement Elicitation for the Design of Community-Oriented Systems
指導教授:楊亨利楊亨利引用關係
指導教授(外文):Yang, Heng-Li
學位類別:博士
校院名稱:國立政治大學
系所名稱:資訊管理研究所
學門:電算機學門
學類:電算機一般學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2003
畢業學年度:91
語文別:英文
論文頁數:109
中文關鍵詞:需求擷取社會網路分析線上社群關鍵使用者
外文關鍵詞:Requirement ElicitationSocial Network AnalysisOnline communityKey users
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:14
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  • 下載下載:125
  • 收藏至我的研究室書目清單書目收藏:7
在傳統資訊系統開發過程中,需求分析通常被視為非常關鍵的步驟。但在Web-based的資訊系統開發中,需求分析卻很少被提及。這篇論文提要主要強調傳統資訊系統與Web資訊系統的差異,並提出一個社群導向系統的需求擷取架構。這個架構將需求擷取分成三個階段:初步分析、關鍵使用者需求分析以及一般使用者的反應。目前Web的開發技術以及社群設計的方法,通常只做初步分析,在系統開發過程中並不直接蒐集使用者的需求。本文提出的三階段架構強調關鍵使用者的重要性,並建議採用社會網路分析作為辦識關鍵使用者的工具。
關鍵使用者區分為資訊、溝通、交易以及娛樂四大類別。初步預試這四種不同類別的關鍵使用者是否會產生較多該類別的資訊需求,以及是否產生較多的需求總數。結果發現只有資訊的關鍵使用者產生較多的資訊需求以及總需求,而其他類別的關鍵使用者與產生需求數量上的關係都不顯著。而另一項有趣的發現是:20%資訊關鍵使用者可以產生大約80%的需求總數,與Pareto規則的預測相似。資訊關鍵使用者的意見是否可以代表全體的意見,預試的結果顯示80%以上的需求重要性評估,關鍵使用者與全體的意見沒有顯著差異。
實地研究採用則探究兩個線上社群,一為關係導向社群,另一則為興趣社群,用以探索使用者角色,涉入程度以及需求知覺間的關係。多變量共變數分析的結果顯示:去除涉入程度的影響後,使用者角色會顯著影響使用者對於需求的知覺,雖然影響的方式以及程度並不相同。高涉入的使用者對於需求的敏銳度,普遍比低涉入者需求要高,並不因為需求種類而有所不同,最後並討論管理的意涵以及日後的研究方向。
Although the requirement analysis is generally considered a critical stage in traditional information systems development (ISD), but it does not get enough attention in most Web-based information systems development (WISD) or the emerging community-oriented design. The thesis highlighted the difference between ISD and WISD, and proposed a three-stage model of user requirements elicitation for community-oriented design. This model divides the requirements definition in three stages: initial analysis, key user requirements elicitation, and regular user responses. Most current WIS and community design methodologies consider only initial analysis or attempt to build common system architecture, and neglect actual users’ requirements. Key user input is emphasized in this model, and social network analysis (SNA) is proposed as a tool for identifying key users.
The pilot study empirically tested the relationship between the number of key users and that of elicited requirements. The study applied SNA to identify key users (defined as their influence) in “information”, “purchase”, “communication” or “entertainment” networks, and then elicited their requirements of two WIS. The preliminary results demonstrated that the number of key users in “information” dimension was significantly correlated with the numbers of elicited “information” requirements and overall requirements. However, the number of key users in “purchase”, “communication” and “entertainment” dimension had no significant relationships with the number of the elicited requirements. The requirements collected from 20 percent of “key users” accounted for approximate 80 percent of total requirements, similar to the results predicted by Pareto’s rule. In addition, the representativeness of requirements from key users opinions was also tested.
Two online communities were designed to explore the relationship between user roles, user involvement and users’ perception towards requirements. And the MANCOVA results showed that user role (with user involvement as a blocking variable) has a major impact on an individual’s perception towards requirements, though the difference varies in a certain way. User involvement has also a determining effect on a user’s perception toward each type of requirements. Managerial implications were also discussed.
CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES VI
LIST OF FIGURES VII
ABSTRACT VIII
中文摘要 X
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 RESEARCH BACKGROUND 1
1.2 RESEARCH MOTIVATION 2
1.3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 3
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS AND SCOPE 3
1.5 RESEARCH SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS 3
1.6 THESIS ORGANIZATION 3
CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5
2.1 PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATION FOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT 5
2.2 REQUIREMENTS ANALYSIS 11
2.3 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WIS AND CONVENTIONAL IS 13
2.4 DIFFICULTIES ON WIS REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION 14
2.5 FORMER APPROACHES TO WIS REQUIREMENTS ELICITATION 16
2.6 REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS METHODS 17
2.6.1 Card Sort 18
2.6.2 Scenario Analysis 18
2.6.5 Some Ad Hoc methods 19
2.7 THE EMERGENCE OF COMMUNITY-ORIENTED DESIGN 19
2.7.1 The Definition of Virtual Community 20
2.7.2 Online Community as a WIS 22
2.7.3 Design an online community 24
2.8 INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS 26
2.8.1 Sociometric Analysis 26
2.8.2 Key Concepts 28
2.8.3 Social Network Analysis in Management Literature 30
CHAPTER 3 THE GENERAL WIS MODEL 31
3.1 USER CLASSIFICATION 31
3.2 THREE-STAGE MODEL DESCRIPTIONS 33
Stage I Initial Analysis 34
Stage II Key User Requirements Elicitation 35
Stage III Regular User Responses 36
3.3 IDENTIFYING KEY USERS BY SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS 36
3.4 ASSUMPTIONS 41
CHAPTER 4 PRELIMINARY STUDY 44
4.1 USER REQUIREMENTS QUESTIONS: GENERAL AND MANY 44
4.2 THE WIS USAGE DIMENSIONS 46
4.3 THE PROBLEM OF FINDING KEY USERS 48
4.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES 50
4.5 RESEARCH METHOD 52
4.5.1 Study materials 53
4.5.2 Phase I 53
4.5.3 Requirements Classification and Summation 54
4.5.4 Phase II 55
4.5.5 Measurement of Network Centrality 55
4.5.6 Perception of Web Site Orientation 56
4.5.7 Rating on Requirement Importance 56
4.6 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 56
4.6.1 Basic Statistics 56
4.6.2 Individual Centrality vs. Elicited Requirements 57
4.6.3 Relationship between Key users and Elicited Requirements 59
4.6.4 Representativeness of the Key Users 60
4.7 CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS 61
CHAPTER 5 FIELD STUDY DESIGN 62
5.1 RESEARCH MODEL 62
5.2 RESEARCH PROCEDURES 65
5.3 MEASUREMENT OF THE CONSTRUCTS 68
5.4 THE SELECTION OF FIELD SITES 69
CHAPTER 6 FIELD STUDY RESULTS 71
6.1 RESULTS FROM A RELATIONSHIP COMMUNITY: CASE I 71
6.1.1 Outcomes from the first questionnaire: member candidates and requirement lists 71
6.1.2 Outcomes from the second questionnaire: roles, involvement and perceptions 72
6.1.3 Relationship between User Roles and Perceptions towards Requirements 73
6.1.4 Hypothesis Testing: MANCOVA Results 74
6.1.5 User Satisfaction 75
6.2 The results from a community of practice: Case II (藍色小舖) 76
6.2.1 Outcomes from the first questionnaire: member candidates and requirement lists 76
6.2.2 Outcomes from the second questionnaire 76
6.2.3 MANCOVA Results: Role, Involvement and Perceptions toward Requirements 80
6.2.4 Relationship between User Roles and Perceptions towards Requirements 80
6.2.5 Results from SQL board & Script board 83
6.2.6 Summaries of these two field studies 84
CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONS 86
7.1 RESEARCH FINDINGS 86
7.2 MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS 87
7.3 RESEARCH LIMITATIONS 88
REFERENCES 91
APPENDICES 101

List of Tables
Table 2-1 Comparison of traditional IS and WIS users 15
Table 2-2 The Definitions of virtual communities 20
Table 2-3 Four perspectives on Web Information Systems 23
Table 3-1Three-Stage Requirements Elicitation Model 34
Table 4-1 Relationship between Individual Centrality and Elicited Requirements 57
Table 6-1 Categories of the requirements from Case I 72
Table 6-2 General MANCOVA Model: The Effects of Social Network Roles with Involvement as a Covariate 75
Table 6-3 Categories of Requirement from Case II 77
Table 7-1 Relationship between types of requirements and Personalization 88

List of Figures
Figure 2-1 Information Systems Development Paradigms 6
Figure 3-1 Demonstration of three centrality measures 38
Figure 3-2 Common network roles 40
Figure 4-1Two Cases in this study 53
Figure 4-2 The Expected Requirements From Users 58
Figure 4-3 Relationship Between Key Users and Elicited Requirements 59
Figure 5-1 Typical Community Roles and Their Usage 63
Figure 5-2 Research Framework of this study 64
Figure 5-3 Research Procedures 67
Figure 6-1 Sociogram of a communication network 73
Figure 6-2 Perception Differences of Requirements by User Roles 74
Figure 6-3 Pie Chart for Sample’s Composition by Occupation 78
Figure 6-4 Histogram for Sample’s age distribution 79
Figure 6-5 Perception Differences of Requirements by User Roles on the ASP board 81
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