臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以常綠性正榕及落葉性雀榕兩種半附生榕屬植物為材料，探討一些與附生習性有關之生態生理特性，包括葉片構造、展葉及落葉時期與水分生理狀況等。
著生階段之正榕及雀榕，無論濕季及乾季均會展葉及落葉，而附生於頂樓牆邊之正榕則集中在濕季展葉及落葉。正榕之展葉及落葉於一年各季節中陸續發生，而著生雀榕則於某一時期短期內集中展葉且隨即脫落老葉，故正榕之葉片壽命長達4~28個月以上，而雀榕只有3~9個月。不論著生或附生階段，均以正榕之葉片較具旱生形態，即其葉片較厚且有較厚之柵狀組織層及角質層，且靠近下表皮處之海綿組織排列方式類似柵狀組織、上下表皮均為多層表皮及氣孔下陷等。兩種榕屬植物，無論著生或附生階段，其在缺水逆境下均可維持較高的葉片水分潛勢及相對水分含量，顯示其葉片具有保水能力，其中又以正榕之葉片保水力較強。無論濕馴化或旱馴化，此兩種榕屬植物在缺水時均會關閉氣孔，且有光抑制現象，此兩因子可能是造成光合能力降低之原因。
綜合以上結果顯示，無論正榕或雀榕，其著生與附生階段之間，除了展葉及落葉有所差異外，葉片結構及水分生理特性大致相近。而常綠性正榕與落葉性雀榕間，以正榕之葉片壽命及保水力均較落葉性雀榕強，此可能與正榕在缺水時氣孔較易關閉以及葉片較具旱生形態有關。

Two Ficus hemiepiphytes, included evergreen, F. microcarpa and deciduous, F. superba were selected to elucidate their ecophysiological characteristics, such as leaf structure, leaf flushing, defoliating and water relation.
In the tree-phase of two tested Ficus which leaf flushing and defoliating were occurred in both wet and dry seasons. However, epiphytic F. microcarpa was occurred in wet season only. In both tree and epiphytic-phase, F. microcarpa were flushed and defoliated their leaves continually, but tree-phase F. superba flushed their new leaves in a short-term and then fallen their old leaves immediately, thus the leaf life span of F. microcarpa was longer (4 to 28 months) than that of F. superba (3 to 9 months). In both tree and epiphytic-phase, F. microcarpa showed more xeromorphism, such as thicker of palisade tissue, cuticle and leaves, in addition, in F. microcarpa the arrangement of sponge tissue of epidermis similar to that palisade tissue, and the epidermis were multiseriate epidermis and sunken stomata. Two species could maintain higher leaf water potential and relative water content under water stress, indicating those have the capacity of water storage, and F. microcarpa have better capacity than F. superba. In water deficit, both two species showed stomatal closure and photoinhibition, maybe the reason of photosynthesis capability decline.
The results indicated that expect the flushed and defoliated, the differences of two Ficus between tree and epiphytic-phase were not so large. While the leaf life span and capacity of water storage of evergreen F. microcarpa were higher than those of deciduous F. superba in both tree and epiphytic-phase. The difference of water status between F. microcarpa and F. superba may be due to the difference of leaf structure and stomata behavior.

正榕及雀榕兩種半附生榕屬植物之生態生理研究
目錄
摘要……………………………………………………………………..Ⅰ
英文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ⅱ
圖目次…………………………………………………………………..Ⅳ
表目次…………………………………………………………………..Ⅶ
壹、前言………………………………………………………………….1
貳、前人研究…………………………………………………………….3
參、材料與方法…………………………………………………………12
一、實驗材料………………………………………………………....12
二、處理及測定方法………………………………………………13
肆、結果…………………………………………………………………20
一、葉片構造及展葉落葉之季節變化……………………………....20
二、水分生理（water relation）…………………………………..38
1. 體內水分狀態之季節變化………………………………...38
2. 缺水處理對一些生理特性之影響………………………...39
伍、討論…………………………………………………………………57
一、葉片構造及展葉落葉之季節變化……………………………....57
二、水分生理（water relation）…………………………………..61
陸、結論…………………………………………………………………69
柒、引用文獻……………………………………………………………70

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