臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　近年來遊戲產業快速成長，遊戲機硬體如PlayStation 2 (PS2)，GameCube和Xbox，以及其他嵌入式系統的複雜度和性能都不斷的提高，導致程式員對向量處理器編程的知識需求也持續增加。在這些遊戲機當中尤其以PS2的軟硬體複雜度最高，除了PS2硬體完全不同於一般PC的設計架構之外，軟體方面也缺少完善的函式庫和說明文件，相較其他遊戲機或PC主機，PS2的學習曲線相當陡峭，要獲得一定的成果並不容易。
　　另一方面，PS2具有非常強大的繪圖和浮點運算能力，除了遊戲用途外，也能應用於科學計算和嵌入式系統。同時隨著VLSI製程及SoC (System on Chip) 技術的進步，Sony已經著手PS2晶片整合的工作，未來更將推出PS2整合晶片的相關電子消費性產品。Sony也於2002年5月正式發表PS2的使用者開發套件—Linux for PlayStation 2 (PS2Linux)，允許使用者存取完整 (幾乎) 的PS2硬體功能。PS2Linux的價格也非常便宜，一般學生就可以負擔，相較於其他嵌入式系統的開發工具動輒數十萬元甚至百萬元，PS2的功能更強大，應用範圍更廣，而且取得容易。PS2同時也可以拿來作為學校計算機結構，平行處理或嵌入式系統相關課程的教學或研究，以及高速計算、平行計算、網頁伺服器/防火牆、影音播放器或網路檔案伺服器等應用。
　　在本論文中，吾人藉由分析硬體設計原理，深入PS2硬體功能及其運作方式，並透過程式實作完整說明資料流程與編程模型。吾人相信PS2強大的繪圖與計算能力，高擴充性，使用Linux開放原始碼作業系統與開發工具，嵌入式系統之特性，以及價格便宜，容易取得這些優點，未來以PS2為基礎的相關研究與應用將會越來越多，同時期望此研究能對3D繪圖硬體、遊戲機及嵌入式系統之發展有所助益。

The video game industry has seen enormous growth in recent years. As well as the increasing complexity and power of the game console hardwares, such as PlayStation2 (PS2), Gamecube and Xbox and other embedded system, which result in the knowledge demand of vector programming for programmers. Among these game consoles, PS2 is the hardest in both hardware and software. Since PS2 hardware is totally different from PC''s and there lacks of complete libraries and documentations of software. Comparing to other game consoles and PC, learning curve of PS2 programming is much steep. It''s not easy to get certain achievement.
PS2 programming is difficult, however, PS2 has very outstanding rendering and floating point computing performance. In addition to the gaming usage, PS2 can be used in scientific computing and embedded system applications. With the improvement of VLSI process and SoC (System on Chip) technology, Sony has been doing the integration of PS2 chips. In the near future, Sony will launch related digital CE of PS2 integration chips. In May 2002, Sony also release the user''s development kit of PS2 - Linux for PlayStation2 (PS2Linux) which allowing users to access almost complete PS2 hardware functions. PS2Linux kit is very cheap, not like other embedded system development set which cost much more, therefore common students can afford one. In addition, PS2 is even more powerful, the appliance range is wider and it is easy to have one. PS2 also can be used in school courses, such as computer architecture, paralllel processing, embedded system related research, high performance computing, parallel computing, network server and audio/video player etc.
In this thesis, we go inside the PS2 hardware function by analyzing the design concept and PS2 programming model. PS2 has the features - powerful redering and calculation performance, high expansion, Linux open source operating system and development tools, with embedded system characteristics and is easy to get one. We believe there are going to be more related researches and applications based on PS2. We hope this thesis could be helpful for the development of 3D graphics hardware, game console and embedded system.

摘要 I
Abstract II
目錄III
表目錄V
圖目錄V
第一章 緒論1
1-1 研究背景1
1-2 遊戲機與PlayStation 2 系統簡介1
1-3 PlayStation2 系統簡介6
1-4 成果與目標8
1-5 本論文結構9
第二章 PlayStation 2 硬體10
2-1 Emotion Engine 11
2-1-1 MIPS III CPU Core 14
2-1-2 Vector Processor Unit17
2-1-3 Image Processing Unit29
2-1-4 DMA Controller 31
2-1-5 GIF╱SIF╱VIF32
2-1-6 Emotion Engine 總結33
2-2 Graphics Synthesizer 35
2-3 Input/Output Processor 38
第三章 PlayStation 2 開發環境39
3-1 使用者開發套件PS2Linux39
3-2 專業型開發套件DTL-T1000046
3-3 第三開發工具48
3-3-1 建立交互編譯環境48
第四章 PlayStation 2 編程模型56
4-1 編程理念56
4-2 VU 編程57
4-2-1 VU1 使用方式概要60
4-2-2 VU0 使用方式概要61
4-2-3 微程式61
4-2-4 控制micro 模式的VU0/VU1 65
4-2-5 VU 資料的讀寫67
4-3 GS 編程68
4-4 PS2 程式的同步工作72
第五章 程式與嵌入式系統實作74
5-1 完整的PS2 程式實作74
5-1-1 程式說明74
5-1-2 程式效能分析78
5-2 嵌入式系統實作80
5-2-1 網路監視系統80
5-2-2 支援多重媒體格式的影音串流伺服器/播放器86
5-3 PlayStation 2 的科學應用91
5-3-1 超級電腦91
5-3-2 網格計算93
5-4 PlayStation 3 93
第六章 結論與未來展望95
6-1 結論95
6-2 未來展望96
參考文獻97
附錄A PS2Linux 系統資訊99
附錄B R5900 資訊105
自述107

[1] Keith Diefendorff, Sony’s Emotionally Charged Chip, Microprocessor Report April 1999.
[2] Masaaki Oka, Masakazu Suzuoki, Designing and Programming the Emotion Engine, IEEE Micro, NovDec 1999.
[3] Vector Unit Architecture for Emotion Synthesis, IEEE Micro, MarApr 2000.
[4] Sony PS2Linux User’s Manual
[5] A Microprocessor with a 128b CPU, 10 Floating-Point MACs, 4 Floating-Point Dividers, and an MPEG2 Decoder, 1999 IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference
[6] N. Ide et al., “2.44 GFLOPS 300 MHz floating-point vector processing unit for high performance 3D graphics computing,” in Proc. ESSCIRC’99, Sept. 1999, pp. 106—109.
[7] A. Kunimatsu et al., “5.5 GFLOPS vector units for emotion synthesis,”in Hot Chips 11 Conf. Rec., Aug. 1999, pp. 71—82.
[8] K. Kutaragi et al., “A microprocessor with a 128b CPU, 10 floatingpoint MAC''s, 4 floating-point dividers, and an MPEG2 decoder,” in Proc. IEEE ISSCC, Feb. 1999, pp. 256—257.
[9] F. M. Raam et al., “A high-bandwidth superscalar microprocessor for multimedia applications,” in ISSCC Dig. Tech. Papers, Feb. 1999, pp.258—259.
[10] The Playstation 2 Linux Kit Handbook
http://playstation2-linux.com/download/p2lsd/p2lkit-handbook.html
[11] Sauce''s PS2 Linux page
http://window.terratron.com/~sosman/ps2linux/
[12] 日本前田稔先生PlayStation2 教學網站
http://www.cong.ac.jp/~maeda/plst2/plst2.htm#prog
[13] 日本ZAURUS 的PlayStaiton2 編程網站
http://homepage2.nifty.com/MagicBoxSoft/
[14] Sound and Vision: Technical Overview of the Emotion Engine
http://www.arstechnica.com/reviews/1q00/playstation2/ee-1.html
[15] Procedural Rendering on Playstation2
http://www.gamasutra.com/gdce/green/green_01.htm
[16] Benefits of A Micro-programmable Graphics Architecture
http://www.gamasutra.com/features/20010214/mallinson_01.htm
[17] Linux for PlayStation 2 Community
http://www.playstation2- linux.com/
[18] Linux for Playstation 2 Community - Forums
http://www.scee.sony.co.uk/cgi-bin/scee/scee.pl?
[19] ps2linux
http://playstation2- linux.com/forum/?group_id=1
[20] Official purchase site for USA and Canada
http://us.playstation.com
[21] Official PlayStation 2 linux site for Japan
http://www.ps2linux.com/
[22] Myrkraverk''s Extremely Short MIPS Assembly HOWTO
http://cosmos.raunvis.hi.is/~johannos/mips/mips-howto.html
[23] Scientific Computation on Playstation 2: Emotion Engine CPU
http://arrakis.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ps2/background.php
[24] The ee-dvp-as assembler
http://playstation2-linux.com/download/vustuff/dvp-as-0.2.txt
[25] Programmed Introduction to MIPS Assembly Language
http://chortle.ccsu.edu/AssemblyTutorial/tutorialContents.html
[26] PlayStation2 Technical Overview
http://firingsquad.gamers.com/hardware/ps2tech/default.asp
[27] Scientific Computing on the Sony Playstation 2
http://arrakis.ncsa.uiuc.edu/ps2/index.php
[28] Vector Unit Command Line
http://playstation2- linux.com/projects/vcl
[29] AGDC Presentations 2002 presentations : Sarah Ewen (sarahe) - "Console
Yourself", about the Linux kit. Dave Carter (dcarter) - "Introducing PS2 to PC
Programmers".
http://playstation2-linux.com/projects/agdc2002
[30] CFYC''s Guide to PS2Linux Programming, Part #1
http://playstation2-linux.com/download/cfyc/guide_ps2_programming_01.html
[31] CFYC''s Guide to PS2Linux Programming, Tips & Tricks page
http://playstation2- linux.com/download/cfyc/tips_tricks.html
[32] PlayStation 2 Clipping
http://playstation2- linux.com/files/gdc2k2clipping/Final-GDC2002-
ClippingPS2.pdf