臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

當前經濟環境隨著全球化市場競爭與資訊科技的發展，企業於海外據點建構生產線及配銷體系，建立全球資訊情報系統、靈活運用當地資源並進行地區性整合與調度之經營方式已呈必然趨勢。台灣以優異的品質與製程、彈性的交期與速度，力求日漸鞏固『全球製造中心』地位，因此無論從庫存、備料、生產、出貨、當地組裝到當地配銷，台灣製造廠商都必須要充分展現『全球供應鏈的管理』實力，才能成為世界大廠行銷全球的緊密夥伴。Pfeffer（1994）指出組織要達到競爭優勢，必須透過人員（people）的協助，包括參與決策制訂的人員，與提供資訊給組織分享的人員。因此，在制定供應鏈相關策略時，應考慮企業資訊科技基礎架構的配合，以及相關人員的參與，包括供應商、配銷商、物流業者等，以求達成顧客滿意與組織績效。這其中環環相扣的關係是產業界迫切需要了解的，也是學術界及產業界密切注意研究的重點。
鑑於供應鏈參與企業決策的重要性與日俱增，然而近年來，探討其與資訊科技應用、製造參與策略與組織績效之整合關聯模式的研究尚少。因此，本研究擬以台灣的傳統製造業及高科技製造業為研究對象，利用專家訪談與問卷調查，佐以迴歸分析、多變量變異數分析 (MANOVA)、LISREL等統計分析方法，進行上述構面互動關係以及不同產業在各構面間差異分析之實證研究，以瞭解國內產業在『全球供應鏈管理』的新架構之下，其對供應鏈參與策略及資訊應用能力等相關基礎構面的影響為何，進而做為企業推動供應鏈參與策略、製造參與策略，增進資訊科技應用能力以及組織績效規畫之參考依據。

目錄……………………………………………………………………………Ⅰ
表目錄………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
圖目錄………………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究背景………………………………………………………………1
第二節 研究目的………………………………………………………………4
第二章 文獻探討………………………………………………………………5
第一節傳統產品製造業與高科技產品製造業…………………………5
第二節供應鏈參與策略…………………………………………………7
2.2.1 供應鏈管理的定義…………………………………………7
2.2.2 供應鏈參與策略的重要性…………………………………9
第三節 資訊科技的投資與應用………………………………………………11
第四節 製造參與策略…………………………………………………………14
第五節 組織績效………………………………………………………………17
第六節 各構面之間的關係……………………………………………………20
2.6.1 供應鏈參與策略與資訊科技、製造參與策略的關係……20
2.6.2 供應鏈參與策略與組織績效的關係………………………21
2.6.3 資訊科技與製造參與策略的關係…………………………22
2.6.4 資訊科技與組織績效的關係………………………………24
2.6.5 製造參與策略與與組織績效的關係………………………25
第三章 研究方法………………………………………………………………27
第一節研究架構…………………………………………………………27
第二節研究對象與樣本…………………………………………………28
第三節研究假設…………………………………………………………28
第四節研究變項（基礎構面）與操作型定義…………………………29
3.4.1 高科技製造業與傳統製造業………………………………29
3.4.2 供應鏈參與策略……………………………………………30
3.4.3 資訊科技的應用……………………………………………32
3.4.4 製造參與策略………………………………………………33
3.4.5 組織績效……………………………………………………34
第五節研究步驟…………………………………………………………36
第六節資料分析方法……………………………………………………37
第四章 資料分析與結果………………………………………………………42
第一節基本統計分析……………………………………………………42
第二節構面之因素粹取及信、效度分析………………………………46
4.2.1 組織績效構面之因素分析…………………………………46
4.2.2 組織績效構面之信效度分析………………………………48
第三節其他構面之驗證性因素分析……………………………………49
4.3.1 其他構面之信效度分析……………………………………49
4.3.2 驗證性因素分析結果………………………………………50
4.3.3 因素分析與驗證性因素分析的彙整………………………54
第四節線性結構關係模式（LISREL）的建立…………………………55
4.4.1 線性結構關係模式的簡介及判斷準則……………………55
4.4.2 線性結構關係模式的建立…………………………………56
4.4.3 線性結構模式的分析結果…………………………………59
第五節區別分析…………………………………………………………63
4.5.1 集群分析……………………………………………………63
4.5.2 逐步區別分析………………………………………………64
第六節多變量變異數分析………………………………………………66
4.6.1 供應鏈參與策略構面之多變量分析………………………66
4.6.2 資訊科技應用構面之多變量分析…………………………68
4.6.3 製造參與策略構面多變量分析……………………………69
4.6.4 組織績效構面之多變量變異數分析………………………71
第五章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………74
第一節結論與討論………………………………………………………74
第二節管理實務意函……………………………………………………78
第三節研究限制及未來研究方向………………………………………80
參考文獻…………………………………………………………………………82
附錄 問卷………………………………………………………………………92

國內參考文獻
1.司徒達賢，「台灣企業之環境分析」，企銀季刊，民國68年，第3卷第1期。
2.吳萬益，「台美日企業在台灣及大陸企業經營環境及競爭策略之研究」，台大管理論叢，民國85年2月，第7卷第1期，頁49-84。
3.林清河，「台灣中小企業品質經營管理因素之探討」，第二屆中小企業技術研討會，經濟部，民國84年。
4.林清河、周福星、譚伯群、施坤壽，「品質管理與組織氣候及績效之關聯性分析」，中山管理評論，民國87年，第6卷第4期，頁1057-1080。
5.林清河、林致良、陳政山、謝賴鋒，品質管理關鍵因素之探討，亞太工業工程暨中國工業工程學會83年度論文集，民國83年，頁46-51。
6.邱鉅權，「台灣大型企業之財務績效-組織倉新與管理特質」，私立中原大學企業研究所，未出版之碩士論文，民國78年。
7.黃智偉，「供應鏈管理下供應商選擇評估之研究─以臺灣地區中衛體系之汽機車業與電腦資訊業為例」，雲林科技大學碩士論文，民國89年。
8.楊文欽，「傳統產業因應知識經濟時代來臨之初期探討研究-以石化產業為例」，國立台灣大學工業工程研究所碩士論文，民國90年。
9.謝志光，「供應鏈管理的關鍵因素對服務績效的影響之研究-以台灣通訊資訊產業上游製造之供應鏈管理為例」，東海大學，民國89年。
10.譚伯群、林清河、施坤壽、張音，「網際網路應用（價值鏈觀點）與經營策略及資訊化成熟度之關係─台灣製造業的實證研究」，管理評論，民國89年1月，頁151-182
二、國外參考文獻
1.Ashmos, D.P., and Duchon, D., “Participation in Strategic Decision Making: The Role of Organizational Predisposition and Issue Interpretation”, Decision Sciences, 1998, 29(1), pp.25-51.
2.Austin, H., “Assessing the performance of information technology”, Health Management Technology, 1988, 9(11), pp.56-58.
3.Bagozzi, R. P., and Y. Yi., “On the Evaluation of Structure Equation Models”, Journal of Academic of Marketing Science, 1988, 16(1), pp. 76-94.
4.Balsmeier, P.W., and Voisin, W.J., “Supply chain management: A time-based strategy”, Industrial Management, 1996, 38(5), pp.24-27.
5.Benchmarking Partners and IBM, Beyond ERP- Collaboration and Value Networks, 2000, Benchmarking Partners, Inc.
6.Bingi, P., Sharma, K.M., & Godla, K.J., “Critical Issues Affecting an ERP Implementation”, Information Management System, 1999, Summer, pp. 7-14.
7.Burton, T., “JIT/repetitive sourcing strategies: ‘Tying the knot’ with your suppliers”, Production and inventory Management Journal, 1988, 29(4), pp. 38-42
8.Campbell, J.P., On the Natural of Organiational Effectiveness, 1977, San Francisco:Jossey, Bass, pp.8.
9.Campbell, J.P., On the Natural of Organizational Effectiveness, 1977, Jossey：San Franciscos.
10.Canto, J.G.D., and Gongalez, I.S., “A Resource-Based Analysis of the Factors Determining a Firm''s R&D Activities”, Research Policy, 1999, 28(8), pp.891-905.
11.Carayannis, E. G., “Fostering Synergies between Information Technology and Managerial and Organizational Cognition:the Role of Knowledge Management”, Technovation, 1999, 19, pp.219-231.
12.Chopra, S. and Meindi, P., Supply Chain Management:Strategy, Planning, and Operation., 2001, New Jersey, Prentice Hall.
13.Croom, S., Romano, P., and Giannakis, M., “Supply chain management: an analytical framework for critical literature review”, European Journal of Purchasing Management, 2000, 16, pp.67-83.
14.Cuieford, J.P., Fundamental Statistics in Psychology and Education, 1965, McGraw-Hill：New York.
15.Das, A., Handfieldm, R. B., Calantone, R. J., and Ghosh, S., “A Contingent View of Quality Management — The Impact of International Competition on Quality”, Decision Sciences, 2000, 31(3), pp.649-690.
16.Day, G.S., “The capabilities of market-driven organization”, Journal of Marketing, 1994, 58(10), pp.37-52.
17.Dess, G.G., and Jr. Robinson, R.B., “Measuring Organizational Performance in the Absence of Objective Measure: the Case of the Privately-held Firm and Conglomerate Business Unit”, Strategic Management Journal, 1984, 5, pp.265-273.
18.Ellram, L.M., “Supply Chain Management: The Industrial Organization Perspective”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1991, 21(1), pp.13-22.
19.Ettlie, J.E., and Penner-hahn, J.D., “Flexibility ratios and manufacturing strategy”, Management Science, 1994, 40(11), pp. 1444-1454.
20.Etzioni, A., “Two Approach to Organization Analysis: a Critique and a Suggestion”, Adimistrative Science Quarterly, 1960, 5, pp.257-278.
21.Feeny, D.F., and Willcocks, L.P., “Core IS capabilities for exploiting information technology”, Sloan Management Review, 1998, 39(3), pp.9-21.
22.Fillipini, R., and Raffo, J.F., “Information Technology and Automation in Manufacturing and their Relations with Corporate Strategy”, International Journal Technology Management, 1991, pp.223-232.
23.Gauthier, M.R., and Sifonis, J.G., “Managing information technology investments in the 1990s”, Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 1990, 16(5), pp.16-19.
24.Goodman, P.S., and Pennings, J.M., New Perspectives on Organizational effectiveness, 1977,:Jossey, Bass：San Francisco, pp.2-3.
25.Grainger-Smith, N., and Oppenheim, C., “The role of information system and technology (IS/IT) in investment banks”, Journal of Information Sciences, 1994, 20(5), pp.323-333.
26.Grover, V., Teng, J.T., and Fiedler, K.D., “IS invest priorities in contemporary organizations”, Communications of the ACM, 1997, 41(2), pp.40-48.
27.Hair, J. F. Jr., Anderson, R. E., Tatham, R. L. and Tatham, W. C., Multivariate Data Analysis, 3rd edition, 1992, Macmillian Publishing Company：New York.
28.Hale, B.J., “Logisitics perspectives for the new millennium”, Journal of business logistics, 1999, 20(1), pp.5-8.
29.Harrison, M., Advanced Manufacturing Technology Management, 1990, Pitman Publishing, London.
30.Houlihan, J.B., “International Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 1985, 15(1), pp.51-66.
31.Huberty, C. J., “Issues in the use and interpretation of discriminant analysis”, Psychology Bulletin, 1984, 95, pp.156-171.
32.Jones, T.C., and Riley, D.W., “Using Inventory for Competitive Advantage through Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Materials Management, 1987, 17(2), pp.16-26.
33.Joreskog, K. and Sorbom, D., LISREL 8: Structural Equation Modeling with the SIMPLIS command language., 1993, Hillsdale, NJ, Erlbaum.
34.Kaiser, H. F., “The Varimax Criterion for Analysis Rotation in Factor Analysis”, Psychometrika, 1985, 23, pp.187-200.
35.Kannan, V.R., Tan, K.C., Handfield, R.B., and Ghosh, S., “Managing Competition, Quality, Customer Relations, And the Supply Base, And Its Impact on firm Performance”, Proceedings 1998 of the Decision Science Institute, 1998, pp.1259-1261.
36.Kerlinger, F.N., Foundations of Behavioral Research, 1986, HRW. Inc.
37.King, W.R., and Grover, V., “The Strategic use of Information Resources: An Exploratory Model”, IEEE Trans, Eng. Manage., 1991, 38(4), pp.293-305.
38.Krause, D.R., “Supplier Development: Current Practices and Outcomes”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 1997, 33(2), pp.12-19.
39.Krause, D.R., Scannell, T.V. and Calantone, R.J.,“An Analysis of the Effectiveness of Buying Firms’ Efforts to Improve Supplier Performance”, Proceedings 1998 of the Decision Science Institute, 1998, pp.1200-1202.
40.Lee, H.L., and Billington, C., “Managing Supply Chain Inventory: Pitfalls and Opportunities”, Sloan Management Review, 1992, 33(3), pp.65-73.
41.Lewis, I., and Talalayevsky, A., “Logistics and Information: a coordination perspective”, Journal of business logistics, 1997, 18(1), pp.141-157.
42.Lyu, J., “CALS: an enabling strategy for agile management systems”, International Jouranl of Agile Management Systems, 1999, 1(1), pp. 41-44.
43.Madu, C.N., Kuei, C.H., and Jacob, R.A., “An Empirical Assessment of the Influence of Quality Dimension on Organizational Performance”, International Journal of Production Research, 1996, 34(7), pp.1943-1962.
44.Madu, C.N., Kuei, C.H., and Lin, C., “A Comparative Analysis of Quality Practice in Manufacturing Firms in the U. S. and Taiwan”, Decision Sciences, 1995, 26(5), pp.621-635.
45.Maruyama, G. M., Basics of Structural Equation Modeling., 1998, Thousand Oaks, CA , SAGE Publications, Inc.
46.McMullan, A., “Supply Chain Management Practices in Asia Pacific Today”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1996, 26, pp.79-95.
47.McMullan, A., “Supply Chain Management Practices in Asia Pacific Today”, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, 1996, 26, pp.79-95.
48.Michalet, C., “Strategic Partnerships and the Changing Internationalization Process”, in Mytelka, L.K. (ed.), Strategic Partnerships: States, firms and International Competition, 1991, Printer: London.
49.Millar, J.G., “Fit Production Systems to Task”, Harvard Business Review, 1981, pp.145-164.
50.Morcom, A.R., “Life After Logistics”, Logistics in Manufacturing, 1998, IFS Publications, London.
51.Narasimhan, R., and Jayaram, J., “An Empirical Investigation of the Antecedents and Consequences of Manufacturing Goal Achievement in North American, European and Pan Pacific Firm”, Journal of Operations Management, 1998, 16, pp.159-176.
52.Nunnally, J., Psychometric Theory, 1978, McGraw-Hill：New York.
53.Page, M., “How to Sweeten Your Supply Chain”, Proceedings of BPICS Annual Congerence, 1989, pp.21-26.
54.Parker, M.M., and Benson, R.J., “Information economic: an introduction”, Datamation, 1998, 33(23), pp.86-90.
55.Parthasarthy, R., and Sethi, S.P., “The impact of flexible automation on business strategy and organizational structure”, Academy of Management Review, 1992, 17(1), pp.86-111.
56.Pfeffer, J., Competitive advantage through people. Boston, 1994, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
57.Porter, M.E., “What is strategy?” Harvard Business Review, 1996, 74(6), pp.61-78.
58.Porter, M.E., Competitive Advantage :Greating and Sustaining Superior Performance, 1985, New York :The Free Press.
59.Powell, T.C., and Dent-Micallef, A. “Information technology as competitive advantage: The role of human, business, and technology resources”, Strategic Management Journal, 1997, 18(5), pp.375-405.
60.Prida, B., and Sethi, S.P., “Supply management: From purchasing to external factory management”, Production and Inventory Management Journal, 1990,37(4), pp.38-43.
61.Robbins, S.S. and Stylianou, A.C., “Post-merger System Integration: the Impact on IS Capabilities”, Information ＆ Management, 1999, 36, pp.205-212.
62.Robson, W., Strategic Management and Information Systems: An integrated approach, 1994, Pitman Publishing.
63.Rosenzwig, E.D., and Roth, A.V., “Testing Competitive Progression Theory In Hi-tech Manufacturing”, Proceeding 2000 of the Decision Science Institute, 2000, 3, pp.1068-1070.
64.Roth, A.V., and Miller, J.G., “Success Factors in Manufacturing”, Business Horizons, 1992, 35(4), pp.73-81.
65.Sapienza, H.J., Smith, K.G. & Gannon, M.J., “Using Subjective Evaluations of Organizational Performance in Small Business Research”, American Journal of Small Business, 1988, Winter, pp.45-52.
66.Saraph, J.V., Benson, P.G. and Schroeder, R.G., “An Instrument for Measuring the Critical Factors of Quality Management”, Decision Science, 1989, 20(3), pp.810-829.
67.Scott, C., and Westbrook, R., “New Strategic Tools for Supply Chain Management”, International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 1991, 21(1), pp.23-33.
68.Seashore, S.E., and Ephraim, Y., “Factorial Analysis of Organizational Performance”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1967, 12(3), pp.377.
69.Skinner, W., “Manufacturing-missing link in corporate strategy”, Harvard Business Review, 1969, 47(3), pp.136-145.
70.Skinner, W., “Manufacturing-missing link in corporate strategy”, Harvard Business Review, 1969, 47(3), pp.136-145.
71.Sokol, P.K., EDI: The Competitive Edge, 1989, McGraw-Hill, New York.
72.Spinardi, G., Graham, I., and Williams, R., “The Problem With Cals: Barries To The Development Of Product Data Exchange And The US Continuous Acquisition And Life-Cycle Support Program”, International Journal Of Production Economics, 1996, 44(3), pp.201-206.
73.Steers, R.M., “Problem in the Measurement of Organizational Effectiveness”, Administrative Science Quarterly, 1975, 20, pp.546-548.
74.Strijbos, S., “The Paradox of Uniformity and Plurality in Technological Society”, Technology in Society, 1997,19(2), pp.177-194.
75.Swamidass P.M., and Newell, W.T., “Manufacturing Strategy, Environmental Uncertainly and Performance: a path analytic model”, Management Science, 1987, 33(4), pp.509-524.
76.Tallon, P.P., Kraemer, K.L., and Gurbaxani, V., “Executives’ perceptions of the business value of information technology: A Process-oriented approach”, Journal of Management Information Systems, 2000, 16(4), pp.145-173.
77.Tan, K., Kannan, V.R., Handfield, R.B. and Ghosh, S., “Sipply chain management: an empirical study of its impact on performance,” International Journal of Operations & Production Management, 1999, 19(10), pp.1034-1052.
78.Tan, K.C., “A Structure Equation Model of New Product Design and Development”, Decision Science, 2001, 32(2), pp. 195-226.
79.Tan, K.C., Kannan, V.R., and HandField, R.B., “Supply Chain Management: Supplier Performance and Firm Performance”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management,1998, 34(3), pp.2-9.
80.Teo, H. H., Tan, B. C. Y., Wei, K. K. and Woo, L.Y., “Reaping EDI Benefits Through a Pro-Active Approach”, Information and Management, 1995, 28, pp.185-195.
81.Tracey, M., “Empirical evidence of the importance of logisticians participating in the strategy process”, Proceedings 2001 of the Decision Science Institute, 2001, pp.1091-1093.
82.Tracey, M., and Tan, C.L., “Empirical analysis of supplier selection and involvement, customer satisfaction, and firm performance”, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, 2001, 6(4), pp.174-188.
83.Tracey, M., and Vonderembse, M.A., “Building Supply Chains: A Key To Enhanced Manufacturing Performance”, Proceedings 1998 of the Decision Science Institute, 1998, pp.1184-1186.
84.Tracey, M., Vondermbse, M.A., and Lim, J., “Manufacturing technology and strategy formulation: keys to enhancing competitiveness and improving performance”, Journal of Operations Management, 1999, 17, pp.411-428.
85.Tracey, M., Vondermbse, M.A., and Lim, J., “Manufacturing technology and strategy formulation: keys to enhancing competitiveness and improving performance”, Journal of Operations Management, 1999, 17, pp.411-428.
86.Trent, B.J., and Monczka, R.M., “Achieving World-Class Supplier Quality”, Total Quality Management, 1999, 10(6), pp.927-938.
87.Turner, J.R., “Integrated Supply chain Management: What’s Wrong With This Picture?” Industrial Engineering, 1993, 25(12), pp.52-55.
88.Upton, D.M., “The management of manufacturing flexibility”, California Management Review, 1994, Winter, pp.72-89.
89.Vickery, S.K., Droge, C., and Markland, R.E., “Production Competence and Business Strategy: Do They Affect Business Performance?” Decision Science, 1991,24(2), pp.435-455.
90.Vonderembse, M.A., and Tracey, M., “The impact of the supplier selection criteria and supplier involvement on manufacturing performance”, The Journal of Supply Chain Management: A Global Review of Purchasing and Supply, 1999, 35(3), pp.33-39.
91.Ward, P.T., Leong, G.K., and Boyer, K.K., “Manufacturing Proactiveness and Performance”, Decision Sciences, 1994, 25(3), pp.337-358.
92.Warner, T.N., “Information Technology as a Competitive Burden”, Sloan Management Review, 1987, Fall, pp.55-61.
93.Watts, C.A., and Hahn, C.K., “Supplier Development Programs: An Empirical Analysis”, International Journal of Purchasing and Materials Management, 1993, 29(2), pp.11-17.
94.Wheelwright, S.C., and Sasser, W.E., “The new Product development map”, Harvard Business Review, 1989, 67(3), pp.112-125.