臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

對於ROC曲線指標，過去大部分的文獻都是在探討兩種或是兩種以上診斷方法在相等性上的檢定。然而，此種檢定方法對於我們所關心的問題並非全然適當，因此就有些學者提出了相似性及非劣性的檢定方法以解決所要面對的問題。例如：在醫學上一種新的非侵入性診斷方法與一種已被認定為標準的侵入性診斷方法做比較，也許在診斷的效率上並不一定相等，但也許可以經過此種相似性及非劣性的檢定，得到新方法與標準的診斷方法是相似的，因此在成本、使用方便性及安全性的考量之下可以以新方法來代替標準的方法。對於ROC曲線指標而言，相似性或非劣性檢定所做的研究很少，本篇論文是利用DeLong, DeLong, Clarke-Pearson (1988) 無母數的方法，以及Dorfman and Alf (1968) 和Obuchowski and McClish (1997) 所提出的最大概似法來估計ROC曲線下面積，將ROC曲線下面積視為參數提出相似性及非劣性的檢定方法，並以模擬結果比較這三種方法的優劣。

In the past, for ROC curve index, most issue has focused on the question of whether the accuracy of two diagnostic tests differs. It may not be an appropriate question of interest in all situations, however. Hence, equivalence/non-inferiority test has been proposed to solve the questions of interest, e.g. in comparing diagnostic efficacy of an non-invasive alternative diagnostic (test) procedure to an invasive (reference) method. If the non-invasive alternative procedure is equivalence to the invasive method, we may use the non-invasive alternative diagnostic procedure because of its easy administration, its better safety profile or its reduced cost. But for ROC curve index, the literature on equivalence/non-inferiority test is scarce. In this paper, we compare the equivalence/ non-inferiority tests based on three methods for estimation of the area under ROC curve by DeLong, DeLong, and Clarke-Pearson (1988), Dorfman and Alf (1968), and Obuchowski and McClish (1997). A simulation study was conducted to empirically investigate the size and power of three methods.

Chapter 1 Introduction………………………………………………..1
1.1 The ROC Curve………………………………………………………….4
1.2 The Area under the ROC Curve (AUROC)……………………………6
1.3 Tests for Equivalence or Non-inferiority……………………………......7
Chapter 2 Current Statistical Methods for Equivalence/Non-inferiority
Test of Two AUROCs.........................................................10
2.1 Interval Hypotheses for Two AUROCs………………………………10
2.2 Asymptotic Tests………………………………………………………11
2.3 Estimation of AUROC and Variance…………………………………12
2.3.1 Single ROC curve………………………………………………………………12
2.3.2 k correlated ROC curves……………………………………………………...….14
Chapter 3 Proposed Methods………………………………………..16
3.1 Analysis of AUROC under Binormal Model…………………………...16
3.1.1 AUROC under Binormal Model………………………………………………….16
3.1.2 Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Estimations of Parameters a and b……….17
3.2 Estimation of the Variance and Covariance of AUROC under
Binormal Model………………………………………………………...21
3.2.1 Variance and Covariance of AUROC under Binormal Model…………………...21
3.2.2 Variance and Covariance for Estimates of a and b................................................22
3.2.2.1 Single AUROC………..……………………………………………………………..22
3.2.2.2 Two Correlated AUROCs…………………………………………………………...23
3.3 Equivalence and Non-inferiority Tests Based on the parameters of Binormal Model and Between Two AUROCs under the Binormal
Model………………………………………………………..…………24
Chapter 4 Simulation study………………………………………….27
4.1 Simulation Process……………………………………………………..27
4.1.1 Data Generation………………………...……………………………………..…29
4.1.2 Selection of Cutoff Points and Initial Points……………………….…………….30
4.2 Simulation Results……………………………………………………..31
Chapter 5 Conclusion………………………………………………...36
Reference……………………………………………………………..38
Appendix A…………………………………………………………...41
Appendix B…………………………………………………………...54
Appendix C…………………………………………………………...56

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