臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一完整高功率馬達驅動器之設計方法，其架構包括一將交流市電轉換成直流電的橋式整流器電路，還有提供馬達正常運轉所需電流之換流器，以及DSP晶片為控制馬達轉速所須的電流、位置回授訊號電路等；本驅動器可提供最大功率為4650瓦特，然而高功率將伴隨著高雜訊的產生，如何有效利用電路設計及佈線技術來抑制雜訊，也是本論文所討論之重點。
功率開關常是電力電子線路中必要同時也是最脆弱的產品，我們因高耐壓、高電流及易控制考量下，選擇用絕緣閘雙極性電晶體作為驅動器之功率開關，然而一般市售的絕緣閘雙極性電晶體通常無自我保護的功能，這就是為何我們提出多種保護電路的原因，來避免功率開關因過溫、過電源電壓及短路而造成損毀，並具有限流保護的功能。
最後我們以一市售產品作為對照，並設計一連串實驗項目，證實本文所設計之馬達驅動器正確性及可靠度。

This thesis proposes a complete design of the high power motor driver. The whole design includes a full-bridge rectifier which can convert alternating current into direct current, an inverter for driving motor, and the circuits for current and position feedback. The maximum power of the motor driver is 4650 watt, since large noise will be generated in high power operation, proper circuit design and layout technique for eliminating noise are also the important studying items in this thesis.
The inverter is designed to operate with 220 ac line voltage. Therefore, IGBTs, which can bear high voltage and high current, are used as power switches of the inverter. However, the requirement of high power output operation also brings the inverter to an unsafe situation that the inverter may be burnt out under improper operation. Therefore, a circuit with current limit, over-temperature, over-line voltage and short-circuit protection functions is proposed in this thesis.
The experiment results have taken and compare to the results from a commercial inverter. The results show that our inverter works very as well as our expectation.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 ii
誌謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖例 vii
表格 xi
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機……………………………………………………… 1
1.2 文獻回顧……………………………………………………… 2
1.3 論文架構……………………………………………………… 3
第二章 IGBT異常工作原因及系統雜訊成因與預防 5
2.1前言……………………………………………………………..5
2.2 IGBT基本結構與異常工作原因………………………………6
2.2.1 IGBT基本結構與操作原理………………………..…...6 2.2.2 IGBT過電壓現象……………………………………….8 2.2.3 IGBT過電流現象……………………………………….9
2.2.4 IGBT過熱現象………………………………………….10
2.3 高功率系統雜訊成因與預防…………………………………..11
2.3.1 開關雜訊………………………………………………...11
2.3.2 共模態雜訊……………………………………………...13
2.3.3 高電流導線產生的雜訊………………………………...17
2.3.4 地線雜訊………………………………………………...19
第三章 驅動器實體電路設計 23
3.1 前言……………………………………………………………...23
3.2 系統方塊圖……………………………………………………...23
3.3 負載馬達………………………………………………………...25
3.3.1 馬達的選擇……………………………………………....25
3.3.2 馬達規格………………………………………………....26
3.4 高功率馬達驅動電路…………………………………………...27
3.4.1 開關的選擇……………………………………………....27
3.4.2 整流器…………………………………………………....29
3.4.3 換流器(inverter)……………………………………..…...32
3.4.4 三臂PWM訊號的產生…………………………………36
3.5 驅動器保護機制………………………………………………...42
3.5.1 過電流保護……………………………………………....42
3.5.2 過溫保護………………………………………………....45
3.5.3 短路保護………………………………………………....47
3.5.4 過電壓保護……………………………………………....48
第四章 實驗結果與討論 57
4.1 前言……………………………………………………………...49
4.2 空載下不同轉速………………………………………………...50
4.2.1 測試環境………………………………………………....50
4.2.2 波形與討論……………………………………………....51
4.3 重載下不同轉速………………………………………………...56
4.3.1 測試環境………………………………………………....56
4.3.2 波形與討論……………………………………………....56
4.4 保護裝置之工作波形…………………………………………...62
4.4.1 測試項目與環境設定…………………………………....62
4.4.2 波形與討論……………………………………………....62
4.5 雜訊之抑制……………………………………………….……..67
4.5.1 測試項目………………………………………………....67
4.5.2 波形與討論……………………………………………....67
第五章 結論與展望 75
5.1 結論……………………………………………………………...75
5.2 展望……………………………………………………………...75
附錄A IXGR50N60BD1 IGBT 資料 77
參考文獻 79

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