臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究內容主要區分為三個項目：第一、探討鋰離子與水泥水化作用、水化產物及鹼矽膠體反應情形；第二、利用電化學方法抑制混凝土AAR，探討鋼筋通電對鋼筋混凝土抗壓強度、鋼筋握裹力及鋼筋抗拉強度等性質之影響；第三、設計不同通電模式之縮小尺寸RC試體，分析不同電場作用下離子傳輸行為。
研究發現鋰離子會參與水化作用，也會與水化產物及鹼矽膠體反應，甚至取代出鹼矽膠體中部分Na+、K+離子。為了減短維修時間及加速鋰離子進混凝土，利用電化學技術抑制混凝土AAR時，採用較高的電流密度，若以鋼筋作為陰極，施加9 A/m2以上電流密度對水泥砂漿抗壓強度影響較小，但是會造成握裹力下降、增加鋼筋周圍AAR發生機率及鋼筋氫脆現象及等不利的影響，而且電流密度愈大影響愈嚴重；此外，試體內部會有電化學作用「無效區」存在，此時可在試體內部鑽孔作為輔助陽極，增加Li+離子進入及Na+離子移出試體的路徑。實務上建議使用單維電場通電模式，在混凝土兩側外加輔助陰、陽極，對於抑制AAR的效果較佳。

The scope of this research are: (1) study the effects of lithium on hydration of cement, reactions with hydration product, and ASR gel; (2) investigate the influence of electrochemical technique on the properties of rebar and the bond strength between rebar and concrete; (3) study of the migration of Li+, Na+, and Ca2+ ions under electrical fields resulted from different designs of cathode and anode.
Test results showed that lithium ions involve with the hydration of pure cement, react with the hydration product, and even replace the sodium ions of ASR gel. The sufficient amount of lithium ions driving into concrete should be noticed. In order to reduce treatment time and increase the amount of lithium penetration, high current density was adopted. However, a current density higher than 9 A/m2 will induce the hydrogen embrittlement of rebar and reduction of the bond strength between rebar and concrete. If the rebar was used as cathode and an auxiliary anode was applied on the concrete surface, Na+ ion will concentrate near the rebar to increase the possibility of AAR. Improper design of electrodes resulted in ineffective areas to remove Na+ ion out of concrete and migrate Li+ ion into concrete. The better choice is to establish 1-dimensional electrical field by applying auxiliary cathode and anode on each sides of the concrete.
Keywords: AAR, lithium, electrochemical technique

第一章 研究動機內容及目的1
1.1 研究動機1
1.2 研究內容2
1.3 研究目的2
第二章 文獻回顧3
2.1 鹼質與粒料反應簡介3
2.2 鹼質與粒料反應機理4
2.2.1 有關鹼質與粒料反應機理之學說6
2.2.2 鹼質與粒料反應種類8
2.3 鹼質與粒料反應的徵候10
2.3.1 外觀徵候10
2.3.2 混凝土構造物內部徵候13
2.4 影響鹼質與粒料反應因素15
2.4.1 粒料種類及含量15
2.4.2 粒料大小15
2.4.3 水泥成分及水泥細度16
2.4.4 含鹼量17
2.4.5 水灰比17
2.4.6 摻料18
2.4.7 暴露環境18
2.5 新拌混凝土預防AAR的方法19
2.5.1 使用低鹼水泥19
2.5.2 使用非活性粒料19
2.5.3 添加卜作嵐材料或其它化學摻料19
2.5.4 添加鋰化合物20
2.6 硬固混凝土AAR之維修方式20
2.7 鋰化合物抑制鹼質與粒料反應機理21
2.8 鋰化合物運用於抑制AAR發展簡介21
2.8.1 鋰化合物當成摻料21
2.8.2 鋰溶液浸泡法或是噴灑法24
2.8.3 電化學方法24
2.9 電化學工法簡介25
2.9.1 陰極防蝕工法25
2.9.2 電化學去鹽工法26
2.9.3 電化學還鹼工法26
2.10 電化學工法對混凝土的影響26
2.10.1 增加混凝土發生AAR機率26
2.10.2 混凝土阻抗增加27
2.10.3 降低混凝土抗壓強度28
2.10.4 混凝土產生裂縫28
2.10.5 鋼筋產生氫脆28
2.10.6 通電對鋼筋握裹力影響29
2.10.7 造成混凝土溫度升高30
第三章 試驗規劃31
3.1 試驗方法31
3.2試驗流程31
3.3 試體設計36
3.3.1 鋰離子在混凝土中之反應研究36
3.3.2 握裹力試驗37
3.3.3 鋼筋拉伸試體42
3.3.4 電場作用下RC試體內鋼筋對離子傳輸影響45
3.3.5 單維電場作用下之離子傳輸行為探討47
3.5 試驗材料50
3.5.1 水泥50
3.5.2 粒料51
3.5.3 拌合水52
3.5.4 藥劑52
3.5.5 試體配比設計53
3.5.6 鋼筋及鋼網54
3.5.7 電解液55
3.6 試驗器材及設備56
3.6.1 東河活性粒料的處理56
3.6.2 試體模具製作57
3.6.3 通電設備58
3.6.4 試體內各離子含量分析62
第四章 結果與討論63
4.1 LI+離子在混凝土中之反應研究63
4.1.1 Li+離子對水泥水化過程的影響65
4.1.2 Li+離子與水泥水化產物間之反應情形66
4.2 通電對鋼筋握裹力的影響69
4.2.1 光圓鋼筋70
4.2.2 竹節鋼筋72
4.3 通電對鋼筋性質的影響73
4.3.1 伸長率75
4.3.2 降伏強度及抗拉強度77
4.3.3 彈性模數及回彈模數78
4.4 通電對水泥砂漿抗壓強度的影響79
4.5 通電對試體外觀影響82
4.6 通電對水泥漿體的阻抗影響84
4.6.1 鋼筋拉伸試體的電壓變化84
4.6.2 電滲法試體的電壓變化87
4.6.3 鋼筋拉伸試驗試體和電滲法試體電壓比較89
4.7 單維電場作用下之離子傳輸行為91
4.7.1 不同含鹼量之陰極電解槽離子濃度91
4.7.2 不同電流密度之陰極電解槽離子濃度93
4.7.3 陰極槽之Ca2+濃度分析94
4.7.4 電滲法試體離子含量95
4.8 試體內部離子分佈98
4.8.1 鋼筋拉伸試驗試體之離子分佈99
4.8.2 縮小尺寸RC試體之離子分佈101
4.9 綜合討論105
第五章 結論與建議106
5.1 結論106
5.2 建議107
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