臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣黑翅土白蟻 (Odontotermes formosanus) 為一種高等白蟻。雞肉絲菇(Termitomyces albuminosus)只長於台灣黑翅土白蟻的巢穴上，兩者間為共生關係。目前仍無法經由人工栽培方式養殖雞肉絲菇，因此台灣黑翅土白蟻對其生長有極為重要的影響。構成此種白蟻巢穴的物質含有高濃度二氧化碳、蟻酸及白蟻半消化纖維素和木質素排泄物。這些物質多為白蟻的代謝產物，由此推論影響雞肉絲菇生長的因素可能跟白蟻的代謝，即其腸道共生菌和其功能有關。故本實驗的目的在以改良式PCR-SSCP (PCR-Single-Strand-Conformation Polymorphism) 及 定序 (Sequencing) 的方法，分析台灣黑翅土白蟻腸道中的原始共生菌菌相及經過不同碳源培養後的共生菌相變化。藉以瞭解台灣黑翅土白蟻腸道共生菌之功能群。我們以改良式PCR-SSCP偵測發現在八卦山脈三個區域的台灣黑翅土白蟻原始腸內共生菌具有基本相同的菌相，但會依不同時間及地點腸內共生菌的優勢種會有變化。在原始菌相中皆以厭氧Bacteroides和spirochete為主，經過培養後各碳源的菌相簡單，出現的菌種以Enterobacteriaceae、Enterococcaceae為主，各碳源的功能群菌皆屬於初級發酵群。Lactate、propionate、butyrate可能是聯繫初級發酵群集二級發酵群間的主要碳源分子。希望藉由瞭解白蟻原始腸道基本菌相及培養後腸道菌種的變化，在未來可提供種植雞肉絲菇、白蟻生態研究及生物防制等的參考。

Odontotermes formosanus is one of the higher termites that cultivate the fungus Termitomyces albuminosus. Recent studies showed that the termite-fungus relationship is a symbiotic one. T. albuminosus only grows on O. formosanus nests and can not be cultivated in vitro. As a result, the survival of T. albuminosus completely relies on O. formosanus. The nest of O. formosanus contains high concentrations of carbon dioxide and formic acid, and partially digested cellulose and lignin, which are products of the symbiotic intestinal bacteria of O. formosauns. It seems that these metabolites have great influence on the growth of T. albuminosus. The purpose of this study is to analyze the diversity of original and cultured symbiotic intestinal communities of O. formosanus by using an improved PCR-Single-Strand-Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method and DNA sequencing to outline the major functional groups in these communities. Native gut bacterial communities of termites from three separate locations had the same basic SSCP patterns. The dominant species differed in each case depending on the collection times and locations. Anaerobic Bacteroides and spirochete were the most numerous bacteria in termite guts. In mixed culture experiments, all carbon sources produced dominant species belonging to the families Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae. Both families are typical primary fermentative bacteria. Culturing also reduced the complexity of bacterial community. Lactate, propionate and butyrate may be the major substrates connecting the primary fermentative group and the secondary fermentative group. A thorough understanding of both native gut bacterial communities and the cultured symbiotic intestinal communities will facilitate artificial cultivation of T. albuminosus, advance knowledge of termite ecology and improve termite control strategies in the future.

中文摘要 ………………………………………………………………… II
英文摘要 ………………………………………………………………… III
誌謝
導論 …………………………………………………………………… 1
材料與方法 …………………………………………………………… 9
結果 …………………………………………………………………… 15
討論 …………………………………………………………………… 19
參考文獻 ……………………………………………………………… 26
圖 ……………………………………………………………………… 36
表 ……………………………………………………………………… 53
附錄 一 ……………………………………………………………… 71
附錄 二 ……………………………………………………………… 81

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