臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘 要
本試驗以台灣30個大豆品種為材料，探討各品種豆仁化學組成特性及異黃酮之變異，並藉由遺傳率、相關分析及主成分因子分析究明各性狀間之關係，以期了解大豆品種間豆仁化學組成分與異黃酮之遺傳育種行為，作為加工業者利用或育種選擇母材之參考。其試驗結果如下：
秋作及春作豆仁一般組成分綜合變方分析之結果：水分、灰分、粗脂肪、粗纖維、粗蛋白及無氮萃取物等六個性狀，除無氮萃取物在季節間未達顯著差異外，其餘各性狀在品種間、季節間均呈極顯著差異，而季節與品種間交感效應也均達極顯著。其四種異黃酮性狀daidzin、genistin、daidzein及genistein綜合變方分析之結果：除genistein在季節間未達顯著差異外，其餘各性狀在品種間、季節間均呈極顯著差異，而季節與品種間交感效應也均達極顯著。
在遺傳率方面，除春作之無氮萃取物與genistein兩個性狀之遺傳率偏低之外，其餘性狀之遺傳率在春秋作均呈較高之趨勢，雜交育種時可在早世代進行選拔。性狀間相關方面，水分與灰分及粗纖維呈極顯著正相關；粗脂肪與粗蛋白呈顯著負相關；粗纖維與粗蛋白呈極顯著負相關；無氮萃取物與水分、灰分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪呈極顯著負相關；異黃酮與灰分、粗纖維、無氮萃取物呈顯著正相關，與粗蛋白呈極顯著負相關。經由主成分因子分析，在不同的栽培季節下，大豆品質性狀的表現各有不同，由此結果顯示台灣大豆品種各品質性狀之表現受品種及栽培環境影響。因此建議台灣大豆以品質性狀為育種目標時，育種環境需要加以考慮。

Summary
Thirty varieties of soybean were used as materials for study the variation of chemical composition characteristics and isoflavones. Differences among all varieties were discussed by ways of the heritability and correlation and principal component analysis. Results were summarized as follows:
The chemical composition characteristics of combined analysis of variance indicated that all chemical composition characteristics showed significant difference among the varieties and between the crop season expect N.F.E. Crop season by varieties interaction effects were significant for all the characters. Four characteristics of isoflavone included daidzin, genistin, daidzein and genistein of combined analysis of variance indicated that all isoflavone characteristics showed significant difference among the varieties and between the crop season. Crop season by varieties interaction effects were significant for all the characters.
The heritabilities of N.F.E. and genistein were lower in the spring crop season. The heritability of all characteristics showed higher in the fall crop season. There was a strong closely associated was observed between crude fat and crude protein, crude fiber and moisture. On the contrary, a strong negative associated was observed between crude fat and crude protein, crude fiber and crude protein, N.F.E. between with moisture, ash, crude protein and crude fat. Genetically determined closely association was observed isoflavones between with ash, crude fiber, N.F.E. On the contrary, a strong negative association was observed between isoflavones and crude protein.
Results from the analysis of principal component indicated the characteristics showed difference in different crop season and released cultivars of different eras. The results suggest that it is necessary for improving quality characters of soybean populations at different environment in Taiwan.

目 錄
頁次
中文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅰ英文摘要-------------------------------------------------------------------------Ⅲ
壹、前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
貳、前人研究----------------------------------------------------------------------5
參、材料與方法-----------------------------------------------------------------13
肆、結果與討論-----------------------------------------------------------------21
一、 品種間一般化學組成分平均值之比較-----------------------21
二、 品種間異黃酮成分平均值之比較-----------------------------29
三、 遺傳率--------------------------------------------------------------38
四、 性狀間相關--------------------------------------------------------43
五、 主成分分析--------------------------------------------------------51
伍、結論--------------------------------------------------------------------------66
陸、參考文獻--------------------------------------------------------------------67

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