臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

由於軸輻式網路系統(Hub-and-spoke network system)具有集中貨物之功能，可降低單位的運輸成本，因此近年來運輸業者多採用此運輸網路，來提升營運效率與降低營運成本。美國航空公司對於軸輻式航空網路之營運與規劃，多是先決定轉運站的設置位址與設置數目後，再對飛航網路做完整性規劃，但此步驟必然不是航空網路的最佳規劃，故本研究所構建之模式均希望將轉運站設置位址與整體飛航網路規劃等兩大考慮因素能一併同時考慮，並追求航空公司的總成本最小，其中完整模式更能尋求最佳轉運站之設置數目，亦包含是否需要設置轉運站之決策。
轉接點位址問題（Hub location problems）主要應用於軸輻式航空網路規劃中，對某些航線可同時選擇直航與轉運兩種運輸路徑兩大因素，會較符合實務上航空公司營運之需求，但從過去轉接點位址問題的相關文獻中發現，並未對此些議題作探討與分析。有鑑於此，本研究所構建的混合整數規劃模式，均假設對任一非轉運機場而言均可同時考慮直航與轉運飛航路徑，而完整模式更加入轉運站有容量限制之因素，並根據定義轉運站處理業務之不同，供航空公司彈性選擇相關限制式使用，使得整個航空網路規劃能更符合航空市場實務上規劃之需求。模式求解部分，撰寫C電腦語言，並利用CPLEX 7.1數學規劃軟體來進行模式求解。現階段中國大陸航空市場為一個運輸需求快速成長的市場，假使對初期航空飛航網路做一完整之規劃，日後必能有效降低航空公司相關的營運成本，故實例驗證是以兩岸航空貨物運輸為例，求解結果良好並符合預期，最後提出相關結論及建議。

Hub-and-Spoke network has been wildly used in the airline operations. In the design of a hub-and-spoke network, it is usually to determine the number of hubs and their locations first, and then the airline service network is established based on the given hubs. However, the efficiency of a service network highly depends on hub locations. Therefore, the above two-steps procedure cannot reach the overall system optimal operation. Practically, for a airline carrier, there are three possible service policies in a hub-and-spoke system, direct flight, hub connected flight, and coexistence of both flights. However, the past studies only addressed the problems with direct and hub connected services. This study developed a unified model to determine hub number, hub location, and flight service network simultaneously. The model is also able to consider three possible service policies. The model is formulated as a mix-integer program. A mathematical programming software, CPLEX 7.1, in conjunction with C programs developed by this study is used to solve the problem. Finally, the air freight data between Taiwan and Mainland China is used as a case study to illustrate the model performance.

第一章 緒論............................................... 1
1.1 研究背景與動機........................................ 1
1.2 研究目的.............................................. 2
1.3 研究範圍.............................................. 3
1.4 研究方法.............................................. 6
1.5 研究流程.............................................. 6
第二章 文獻回顧.......................................... 10
2.1 離散型位址問題....................................... 10
2.2 轉接點位址問題之歷史發展............................. 13
2.3 中位問題與轉接點中位問題之發展與差異................. 16
2.4 軸輻式網路系統所產生的經濟效益....................... 17
2.5 軸輻式網路系統架構延伸類型與啟發式解法之探討......... 18
2.5.1 不考慮直航因素..................................... 21
2.5.2 考慮直航因素....................................... 25
2.6 國外其他重要相關文獻................................. 27
2.7 國內航空運輸相關文獻................................. 28
2.8 小結................................................. 29
第三章 模式構建.......................................... 31
3.1 模式架構............................................. 31
3.1.1軸輻式航空網路架構節點與節線之定義.................. 31
3.2 軸輻式航空網路基本模式............................... 32
3.2.1 基本模式之數學定式................................. 33
3.3 軸輻式航空網路延伸模式............................... 37
3.3.1 延伸模式之數學定式................................. 38
3.4 軸輻式航空網路完整模式............................... 45
3.4.1 完整模式策略一之數學定式........................... 46
3.4.2 完整模式策略二之數學定式........................... 49
3.4.3 完整模式之綜合比較................................. 51
3.5 模式求解............................................. 52
3.5.1 求解架構........................................... 53
3.5.2整體程式求解........................................ 55
3.6 小結................................................. 55
第四章實例分析........................................... 57
4.1 輸入資料............................................. 58
4.1.1 推估台灣與大陸通航機場間的貨運量................... 58
4.1.2 總成本之估算....................................... 67
4.1.3 轉運站設置成本之估算............................... 68
4.1.4 成本折扣率之估算................................... 69
4.2 模式情境分析與架構整理............................... 70
4.3 基本模式之實例分析................................... 73
4.3.1 情境一航線之輸出結果............................... 73
4.3.2 情境二航線之輸出結果............................... 75
4.3.3 兩情境之綜合比較分析............................... 77
4.4 延伸模式之實例分析................................... 80
4.4.1 情境一航線之輸出結果............................... 80
4.4.2 情境二航線之輸出結果............................... 82
4.4.3 兩情境之綜合比較分析............................... 84
4.5 完整模式之實例分析................................... 88
4.5.1 策略一：轉運站考慮進、出口與轉口業務之輸出結果..... 88
4.5.2 策略二：轉運站只考慮轉口業務之輸出結果............. 88
4.5.3 策略一與策略二綜合比較分析......................... 94
4.6 敏感度分析.......................................... 101
4.6.1 轉運站最大與最小容量限制.......................... 103
4.6.2 航空貨物總運輸量.................................. 108
4.6.3 機場規模數........................................ 113
第五章 結論與建議....................................... 116
5.1 結論................................................ 116
5.1.1 基本模式.......................................... 116
5.1.2 延伸模式.......................................... 117
5.1.3 完整模式.......................................... 118
5.1.4 綜合分析與探討.................................... 119
5.2 貢獻................................................ 120
5.3 建議................................................ 121
參考文獻................................................ 122

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