臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣勞動市場的流動分析與生產力的關聯
摘要
論文的第一個主要議題是台灣勞動市場的流動分析。首先建構台灣勞動市場工作流動與勞工流動的指標，包括工作創造率、工作汰減率、工作重配置率、淨就業成長率、進入率、退出率、與勞動流動率。經由年度別指標的比較，我們得知1997年的工作創造率與淨就業成長率最高，該年度的勞動市場呈現就業波動劇烈且成長快速的情形。該年之後，工作流動指標便迅速下降。經由產業別指標的比較，我們界定沒落產業及新興產業。其中，新興產業的工作重配置率和淨就業成長率皆較高，顯示新興產業工作流動的變化激烈、以及就業逐年成長的情形。相對的，沒落產業呈現淨就業成長率下降，但工作重配置率可能因產業內存活空間有限，廠商競爭激烈提高，使得工作流動呈現不穩定的現象。之後我們更進一步以迴歸模型分析影響工作波動、與勞工進出的重要因素。主要迴歸結果得到產業規模和勞動生產力對勞工流動與工作流動具有同方向的影響；不過對勞工流動的影響較為顯著。產業產出成長率僅對退出率與工作汰減率有顯著的負向影響。資本密集度與出口比例對勞工流動與工作流動的影響則不顯著。年度別的影響方面，與基期1990年相比，1994年的勞工流動率與工作重配置率顯著較高。兩者於1998年則顯著較低。2000年的進入率、工作創造率皆顯著較低，工作汰減率則顯著較高，顯示2000年台灣勞動市場上就業衰退的情形。與運輸工具製造修配業的基底相比，精密器械製造業的勞工流動與工作流動皆顯著較高。水電燃氣業、石油煤製品製造業、運輸倉儲及通信業等傳統產業的勞工流動與工作流動指標均顯著較低。
台灣近年來產業結構改變，失業率有向上攀升的現象。然而若我們由資源重新配置的方向思考，這個調整或能將勞動資源轉化做更具有生產力的使用，此乃形成論文的第二個議題。首先將勞動總生產力分解為產業內部的勞動生產力變動、產業之間的勞動生產力變動、與交叉項，並以工作重配置率為自變數進行迴歸分析。由於缺乏1995與1996的資料，我們僅能考量當期工作重配置率對當期勞動生產力配置的影響。迴歸結果得到台灣各年度的工作重配置率，對台灣各項勞動總生產力的成長並無顯著的影響。

The analysis of labor market flows
and their relation to labor productivity in Taiwan
Abstract
In this paper we first examine patterns of job flows and worker flows in Taiwan. We construct seven indexes, namely, job creation rate, job destruction rate, job reallocation rate, net employment growth rate, accession rate, separation rate, and worker turnover rate. Examining the indexes over time, we find job creation rate and net employment growth rate reach the highest in 1997. The labor market of that year indicates the situation of acute change and rapid growth. After 1997, the job flows decrease rapidly. Through the comparison of indexes across industry, we are able to distinguish declining industries from rising industries. In particular, higher job reallocation rate and higher net employment rate indicate the volatility and rapid growth in rising industries. In contrast, net employment growth rates are lower in declining industries. Their job reallocation rates are, however, unsteady because of fierce competition among firms. Furthermore, in a regression framework, we analyze the important factors that affect worker flows and job flows. We find the size and labor productivity of the industry influence both flows in the same direction, but the effects are stronger on worker flows. The growth rate of industrial production has negative impact on both separation rate and job destruction rate. Capital intensity and export ratio have insignificant effects on both flows. We take 1990 as the base year for comparison. Both worker turnover rate and job reallocation rate in 1994 are significantly higher than those in 1990, but both rates in 1998 are lower. The recession of 2000 reflects in its lower accession rate and job creation rate, and higher separation rate. Taking“transport equipment manufacturing and repairing” as the base group, both worker and job flows are higher in the industry of precision equipment. However, the industries such as electricity, gas and water, petroleum and coal products, transport, storage and communication have obvious lower worker flows and job flows.
Taiwan industries are restructuring in recent years. Though unemployment rate is rising, we may consider this adjustment process as reallocation of resources and invoke labor to a better use of higher productivity. This serves as our second topic in this thesis. We first decompose the aggregate labor productivity into within-industry effect, inter-sector effect, and cross effect. Due to the lack of 1995~96 data, in our regression analysis, we can only consider the effects of current job reallocation rate on current labor productivity change. We find the job reallocation rate has insignificant effect on the labor productivity in Taiwan.

目錄
表目錄 Ⅴ
第一章、前言 1
第一節、論文的重要性 1
第二節、文獻回顧 3
第二章、建構台灣工作流動和勞工流動指標與實證模型 10
第一節、觀察產業與觀察期間的選取 10
第二節、工作流動指標與勞工流動指標的計算公式與資料來源 11
第三節、實證模型 15
第四節、實證模型的資料來源與整理 18
第三章、勞工/工作流動指標的基本統計分析 21
第一節、工作流動與勞工流動指標產業別的比較 21
第二節、工作流動與勞工流動指標年度別的比較 25
第四章、實證結果 33
第一節、影響勞工流動的因素 33
第二節、影響工作流動的因素 39
第三節、勞動生產力變動的分析 49
第五章、結論 56
第一節、論文的重要結果與貢獻 56
第二節、後續發展方向 59
參考文獻 61
附表 62

文獻參考
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