臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

有機質肥料例如堆肥是一種低投入的作物營養源又可以作為改良農場土壤的材料。本研究同時在田間與簡易溫室進行試驗以探討堆肥對酸性黏土物化性質、水稻穀粒產量與稻米品質的影響。
研究結果顯示，不論是在田間或是簡易溫室的試驗，施用堆肥改變酸性黏土的物化性質，總氮、孔隙度、pH與有機質增加，土粒密度減少。至於水稻的生長反應則表現不一，在田間的試驗結果，作物的性狀數據在處理之間沒有明顯的差異。在簡易溫室的試驗結果，化學肥料處理的水稻生長與產量比施用堆肥者佳。同樣地，除了糊化溫度外稻米品質的數據仍以化學肥料處理的較高。無論如何，施用堆肥對於作物的生長、產量、品質與土壤肥力的維持都有正面的意義。

Organic materials such as compost are expected as a low-input nutrient-source for crops and a material to improve the properties of farm soil. In this study both field and green house experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of compost on the physico-chemical properties of acid clay soil and on the grain yield and quality of paddy rice.
Experimental results on both field and green house experiments showed changes in physico-chemical properties of the acid clay soil due to application of compost. Total N, total porosity, pH, and organic matter content were increased while particle density decreased. However, the growth and yield response of paddy rice production to compost application varied with conditions. Under field condition, growth characteristics were significantly higher in chemical fertilizer treatment during all the growth stages; there was no significant difference between compost and chemical fertilizer on measured yield and yield components. In contrast, rice growth and yield under p-house was significantly higher under chemical fertilization than compost application. Similarly chemical fertilization influenced grain quality more than compost. Except for alkali spreading value, all other grain quality properties measured were significantly higher under chemical fertilization. The utilization of compost in paddy production can have positive effects on crop growth, yield, grain quality and soil fertility maintenance.

ABSTRACT (English) ……………………………………………………...vi
ABSTRACT (Chinese) …………………………………………………….vii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS………………………………………………...viii
LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………...……………..xv
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………….…………...xvii
I. INTRODUCTION……………….………………………………………...1
II. LITERATURE REVIEW………………………………………………..6
1. Soil fertility...……………………………………….………………………6
2. Soil organic matter and soil fertility………………………………………..6
2.1. Physical function..................................................................................…6
2.2. Chemical function................................................................................…7
2.3. Biological function..……..……………………………………………...8
3. Changes in soil chemical properties resulting from organic
materials…………………………………..……………………………….9
3.1. Effect of organic and low-input farming practices……………………..9
3.2. Effect of manure application…………………………………………..10
4. Productive efficiency of soil and fertilizer nitrogen.....……….………….11
5. Effect of organic manure on rice yields…………………………………..12
6. Effect of organic farming on crop yield and quality…….….…………….13
7. Forms of nitrogen in soils…………………………………………………14
8. Mineralization of soil nitrogen and the growth of
rice plants…………………………………………………….…………...15
9. The yield-yield component relationships.………………..……………….16
10. Nutritional aspects of rice……………………………………………….18
10-1. Grain quality indicators………………………………………………18
10-2. Milling quality……………………………………………..…………19
10-3. Cooking and eating quality…………………………….…………….19
10.3.1.Gelatinization temperature…………………………………...20
10.3.2. Amylose content………………………………….………….20
10.3.2. Gel consistency..……………………………………………..21
10.3.4. Protein content….……….…………………………………...21
11. Protein, energy and mineral utilization of brown
and milled rices in rice diets …………………………………………….22
III. MATERIALS AND METHODS…………………………….………..23
1. Laboratory testing.………………………………….……………………24
1.1 Soil physical properties…………………...……….…………………...24
1.2. Soil chemical properties.……….…………..…………….……………26
1.3. Mineralization study…………………………………………………...28
1.3.1. Incubation procedure……………….…………………………28
1.3.2. Analytical procedure……………….…..……………………..29
2. Plastic house (P-house) experiment………………………….…………..30
2.1. Experimental design...…………………………………………………30
2.2. Method of samples collection and analysis. ...…………….…………..32
3. Field experiment…………………………………………………………..32
3-1. Experimental design……………………………..…….………………32
3.2. Plant growth analysis…………………………………………………..34
3.3. Plant agronomic characters…………..………………………………..35
4. Rice physicho-chemical properties………………….…….….…………..35
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION……………………………………….41
1. Effects of compost application on some physico-chemical
properties of clay acid soil……………………………………………41
1.1 P-house experiment………………………………....………………….41
1.1.1. Physical properties of pre-experiment soil for pot
culture………………………………………………………….41
1.1.2. Effects of compost application on physical
properties of post-experiment soil under
P-house condition……………………………………………..43
1.1.3. Chemical properties of pre-experiment soil for
pot culture……………………………………………………..44
1.1.4. Effects of compost application on chemical
properties of post-experiment soil under
P-house condition……………………………………………..47
1.2. Field experiment……………………………………….………………49
1.2.1. Effects of compost application on physical
properties of post-experiment soil..…………………………..49
1.2.2. Effects of compost application on chemical
properties of post-experiment soil…………………………….53
1.3.1. Effects of compost on soil N dynamics……………………….56
2. Effects of compost application on the growth and yield
of paddy rice……………………………………………………………....64
2.1. P-house experiment……………………………………………………64
2.1.1. Growth rate: tillering and plant height………………………..64
2.1.2. Total biomass…………………..……………………………..64
2.1.3. Chlorophyll content…..……………..…………….…………..67
2.1.4. Grain yield and yield components. …………………………...69
2.2. Field experiment……………………………………….……………...72
2.2.1. Plant height……………………………………………………72
2.2.2. Tillering……………………………………...………………..74
2.2.3. Chlorophyll content….……………………………………….76
2.2.4. Total biomass……………………………...…………………78
2.2.5. Yield and yield components…………………….……………80
3. Effects of compost application on grain quality of
paddy rice………………………………………………………………...83
3.1. P-house-experiment…………………………………….……………..83
3.1.1. Physical properties……………………………………………83
3.1.2. Chemical properties…………………………………………..85
3.2. Field-experiment………………………………………………………88
3.2.1. Physical properties……………………………………………88
3.2.2. Chemical properties…………………………………………..90
V. CONCLUSION………………………………...………………………..94
VI. REFERENCE…………………………………………………………..98
VII. BIOSKETCH OF AUTOR………………………………………….114

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