臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

於不同日/夜溫度（30/25℃、28/20℃、25/18℃、20/18℃、20/12℃）處理下之番椒質核交互作用型雄不稔‘Acc. 195’、‘Acc. 14’與‘Acc. 17’植株。‘Acc. 195’植株在與其正常保持系相較下有較佳之營養生長，除了葉片中類葫蘿蔔素含量無明顯差異外，其植株之株高、節間長、葉面積以及葉片中葉綠素含量明顯大於正常系；而‘Acc. 14’與‘Acc. 17’於28/20℃處理之植株其營養生長亦較正常保持系旺盛。在25/18℃、20/18℃、20/12℃處理下之‘Acc. 17’植株，其花藥稔性恢復且能正常結果，其單朵花內之有活之花粉活力數與正常系比較下，差異不顯著。同時，恢復稔性之‘Acc. 17’植株生長與其同源保持系無明顯差異。
夏季高溫期育苗在第一叉開花時以25/18℃（日/夜）處理之番椒‘Acc. 17’植株，致稔性恢復溫度只對植株上尚未可見花蕾叉位發生反應，使原來性不稔之植株恢復了稔性。由組織細胞學觀察結果推測，致稔性恢復溫度處理之有效時期應是在於比藥壁組織分化更早之孢原（archesporial cell）時期或雄蕊原基分化時期。在28/20℃（日/夜）處理下其植株雄不稔乃源於花藥壁組織之絨氈層延遲解體並持續液泡化；包圍四分子，而使得小孢子之正常發育受阻無法形成正常花粉粒。不過25/18℃（日/夜）處理下卻可以讓絨氈層發展過程恢復正常，進而使小孢子能完成整個發育過程，順利產生正常花粉粒。
不同世代番椒G-CMS不穩定系統雄稔性分析結果顯示：‘Acc. 17’（F1世代）與‘Acc. 17-1’（BC1F1世代）所有植株，其雄不稔性表現不穩定。F1世代與BC1F1世代之稔性表現與開花前約20天左右之氣溫範圍有關。在開花前20天左右較冷涼氣溫範圍（25℃/18℃）下，使雄可稔性表現程度較高；在高氣溫範圍（28℃/20℃）下則有助雄不稔性表現。‘Acc. 17’之F2世代分離出完全可稔，完全不稔，與稔性不穩定三種不同類型之植株。經卡方檢測符合 9：3：4之分離比，推測此不穩定型為兩對因子上位隱性之基因控制。

Under different temperature regime (30/25℃, 28/20℃, 25/18℃, 20/18℃, 20/12℃; day/night), gene-cytoplasmic male sterility ‘Acc. 195’ plants had greater vegetative growth than that of its normal maintainer lines. Except for the carotenoid contain, plant height, internode length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contain except for the carotenoid contain in the CMS plant were significantly larger than the normal plant. ‘Acc. 14’ and ‘Acc. 17’ plants under 28/20℃ day/night treatment showed abundant growth than their own normal isogenic maintainer. However, under 25/18℃ day/night temperature regime ‘Acc. 17’ plant could set fruits and its anther could produce normal viable pollen grains with numbers showed no significant difference to those of normal maintainer line. There was also no significant difference in plant growth character between the recovered ‘Acc. 17’ plants and its normal maintainer plants.
‘Acc. 17’ plants treated seedling established in summer and treated with 25/18℃ day/night temperature regime at anthesis of the first branch, the recovering fertility temperature regime only react on branch with non-visible bud and make the original male sterile plant fertile. According to cytological microsporogenesis observation recovering temperature regime must be present in archesporial cell stage or the earlier primordial stamen differentiation stage. When under 28/20℃, anther showed the degeneration delaying and vacuolate tapetum encroaching on the tetrad caused the collapes of developing microspores. While in that under 25/18℃, tapetum developed normally and the microspores could release from tetrad to form normal pollen grains.
Analysis on the expression of male fertility in different ‘Acc. 17’ generations indicated that: The expression of male sterility of F1 generation and BC1F1 generation were unstable and related to the air temperature regime about twenty days before the anthesis of pepper flower. Cool air temperature regime (25/18℃) increased the expression of male fertility; while hot air temperature regime (28/20℃) caused plants to be sterile. Nevertheless, ‘Acc. 17’ F2 generation showed segregation of total male fertile, total male sterile and unstable male sterile (fertile) plants which fit χ2 ratio of 9：3：4. It assumed that the genetic control of the unstable sterility (fertility) was by two major epistasis recessive genes.

中文摘要 ................................................... Ⅰ
英文摘要 ................................................... Ⅱ
致謝 ....................................................... Ⅲ
目錄.………………………………………………………............. Ⅳ
圖目錄.…………………………………………………………......... Ⅵ
表目錄………………………………………………………………….... Ⅶ
壹、引言…………………………………………………………………… 1
貳、前人研究……………………………………………………………… 4
一、番椒之起源、傳播、特性及其用途........................... 4
二、番椒雄不稔之型態特徵…..…………………………………....... 5
三、番椒雄不稔基因之來源..................................... 8
四、番椒雄不稔之遺傳類型.………………………………………….. 10
五、番椒雄不稔之溫度敏感性.…………………………............ 13
六、番椒雄不稔花粉敗育發生時期.……......................... 16
七、番椒雄不稔與花藥壁內組織之關係…………………………...... 17
八、番椒雄不稔特性維持與在F1雜交種子生產上之應用.……....... 19
參、材料與方法………………………………………………………... 22
一、試驗材料…………………………………………………………... 22
二、番椒G-CMS穩定系不稔表型穩定度與其營養生長之觀察……….. 22
三、不同溫度處理對番椒G-CMS不穩定系統稔性及其營養生長之影響 24
四、番椒G-CMS不穩定系花蕾器官形成與組織解剖分析.……………. 27
五、不同世代番椒G-CMS不穩定系統雄稔性遺傳分析 ………………… 31
肆、結果與討論………………………………………………………... 32
一、溫度對番椒G-CMS穩定系不稔表型穩定度與其營養生長之影響.. 32
（一）番椒G-CMS系‘Acc. 195’不稔表型穩定度觀察..………….. 32
（二）對番椒G-CMS系’Acc. 195’營養生長之影響.…........... 33
二、不同溫度處理對番椒G-CMS不穩定系統稔性及其營養生長之影響 38
（一）對番椒G-CMS不穩定系統稔性之影響 ..................... 38
（二）對番椒G-CMS系’Acc. 14’與’Acc. 17’營養生長之影響... 42
三、番椒G-CMS不穩定系花蕾器官形成與組織解剖分析 ……………… 45
（一）致稔性恢復溫度對不同時期花蕾之影響 .……………………. 45
（二）稔性恢復後與未恢復稔性植株花藥組織細胞觀察 ………….. 47
四、不同世代番椒G-CMS不穩定系統雄稔性遺傳分析 ………………. 54
（一）‘Acc. 17’輪迴親（P世代）代之雄稔性分析.……………… 54
（二）‘Acc. 17’（F1世代）之雄稔性分析……………………….. 54
（三）‘Acc. 17-1’（BC1F1世代）之雄稔性分析…………………. 58
（四）‘Acc. 17’自交世代（F2世代）之雄稔性分析……………… 59
參考文獻.…………………………………………………………………. 62
附錄………………………………………………………………………… 70
一、花蕾分級''……………………………………………………………. 70
二、亞洲蔬菜研究發展中心氣象站2003年2-4月份氣象資料紀錄影本 71

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