臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

中文摘要
本研究是在2001年6月至2002年10月期間於高屏海域針對海桶類進行週年且有系統的調查，以探討海桶類之種類組成、豐度分布、世代百分比及其與溫度、鹽度及葉綠素a濃度之相關性。根據採樣分析的結果，總共發現海桶類3科11屬16種，最優勢種為Doliolum denticulatum，佔總豐度的62.6%；其他主要優勢種包括︰Thalia orientalis（22.8%）、Thalia democratica（7.5%）、Thalia rhomboides（2.4%）和Dolioletta gegenbauri（2.3%）。
海桶類的，平均豐度為690.6 ±1601.4 ind./100m3，有明顯的季節變化，在2002年3月出現最高豐度，之後則逐季漸減，最低豐度則是出現在2001年11月。海桶類豐度一般以0~100公尺斜拖居多，但在2002年3月及10月時，表層（0~5公尺）海域則出現大量繁生的情況，其豐度遠大於其他月份10倍之巨。高屏海域海桶類群聚組成與數量在2001年各月各測站間變異程度相對較2002年小，其中尤以2001年8月及11月間之相似程度最高，2002年3月及7月各測站間的變異程度則相對最大。海桶類豐度一般和海域表水溫度有顯著負相關（p < 0.01），但和鹽度和葉綠素a濃度則呈顯著正相關（p < 0.05）。Doliolum denticulatum和Dolioletta gegenbauri，均是以有性世代個體居多，並佔全肌目海桶總豐度的99.2％；半肌目海桶類也是以有性世代居多，但僅佔半肌目海桶豐度的84.3％，其中Thalia rhomboides則是唯一以無性世代較多的種類，其有性世代僅佔40.1％。

Abstract
The species composition, distribution and generations of the thaliacea in relation to the sea surface temperature, salinity and chlorophyll a were studied in the Koaping coastal waters, southwestern Taiwan, from June 2001 to October 2002. In all, 16 species of the thaliacea belonging to 3 families and 11 genera were identified. Among these, Doliolum denticulatum was the most dominant species and comprised 62.2% of the numerical total of thaliacea, other common species including: Thalia orientalis (22.8%), Thalia democratica (7.5%), Thalia rhomboids (2.4%) and Dolioliletta gegenbauri (2.3%).
The mean numerical abundance of thaliacea was 690.6 1601.4 ind./100m3. Most species showed apparently seasonal changes, with the highest abundance in March 2002 and the lowest was in November 2001. Higher abundances of thaliacea were generally found in the 100m oblique tows when compared with the surface tows, except in March and October 2002 that bulk abundances were found in the surface waters. The variation of thaliacean species composition and abundance among stations and mouths was larger in 2002 than in 2001. Higher similarity in community structure of thaliacea was found between August and November 2001, while larger variations among stations were found in March and July 2002. In general, the abundance of thaliacea species showed significantly negative correlation with water temperature but significantly positive correlations with salinity and chlorophyll a. Blastozooid(phorozooids and gonozooids) of the Doliolum denticulatum and Dolioletta gegenburia dominated in the study area and comprised 99.2% of total doliolids. Blastozooid(gonozooids) was also dominated in Salpida species and comprised 84.3% of total Salpida, except Thalia rhomboids that blastozooid occupied only 40.1%.

目錄

章次………………………………………………………………… 頁數

壹、前言………………………………………………………………… 1

貳、材料與方法………………………………………………………... 11
採樣時間、地點及方法…………………………………………11
樣品保存及鑑種………………………………..........................11
海水水文資料………………………………………………......12
資料處理………………………………………………………..13

參、結果…………………………………………………………….…. 15
水文環境因子與水團變化之探討……………………………..15
海桶類種類組成及其時空分布………………………………..17
海桶類豐度之時空分布………………………………………..18
海桶類種歧異度之時空分布…………………………………..20
海桶類優勢種之時空分布……………………………………..21
海桶類有性世代百分比在月別上的變化……………………..25
海桶類豐度與環境因子相關性…………………..……….…...27
海桶類的群聚分析......................................................................28

肆、討論………………………………………………………………... 30
高屏海域之水文環境因子............................................................30
高屏海域之海桶類種類組成........................................................32
海桶類豐度的時空變化.....................................................34
海桶類與水文環境和生物間的相關性........................................36
海桶類世代比之變化.......................................................38

伍、結論………………………………………………………………... 41

參考資料………………………………………………………………..43

表…………….………………………………………………………….53

圖………………………………………………………………………. 80

附錄……..………………………………….....………………............ 100

表目錄

表次…………………………………………………………………..頁數

1. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站表水層之溫度、鹽度和葉綠素ａ之濃度..........................................................53

2. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域表水溫度、鹽度和葉綠素ａ濃度之變方分析及鄧肯式多變距檢定分析結果………. 54

3. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站所發現之海桶種類分類表……….……………………………………………… 55

4. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站表層與深層海桶的平均豐度、相對豐度、種歧異度及種類數…….……..….. 56

5. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各月A.表及深層、B.表層及C.深層海桶類的平均豐度、相對豐度、種歧異度及種類數……………………………..…..………………………………. 62

6. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各月A.近岸測站表層、B.遠岸測站表層和C.近岸測站深層、D.遠岸測站深層海桶的平均豐度、相對豐度、種歧異度及種類數之月別變化…………………………………………………………..………65

7. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域A.高雄港測線、B.高屏溪測線和C.枋山測線海桶的平均豐度、相對豐度、種歧異度及種類數之月別變化…………………………...…………….. 69

8. 高屏海域受A.南海水和B.黑潮水影響時海桶之平均豐度、相對豐度、種歧異度及種類數……………..……………..……………..72

9. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域Doliolum denticulatum之豐度不同世代百分比…………………………………..………74

10. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域Thalia orientalis之豐度不同世代百分比………………………………………..………75

11. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域Thalia democratica之豐度不同世代百分比………………………………….……….76

12. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域Thalia rhomboides之豐度不同世代百分比……………………………………………..77

13. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域Dolioletta gegenbauri之豐度不同世代百分比…………………………………………..78

14. 優勢海桶類各世代與水溫、鹽度和葉綠素a之複迴歸分析結果..79



圖目錄

圖次…………………………………………………………………..頁數

1. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域海桶類之採樣測站位置圖………………………………………………………………. 80

2. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站海表溫度、鹽度和葉綠素a濃度之季節變化……………….…………...………. 81

3. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站溫度和鹽度之垂直剖面圖……… 82

4. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站之溫鹽圖.. 84

5. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域海桶類之種類數、平均豐度、種歧異度、世代百分比和表深層豐度圖……..……… 85

6. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站Doliolum denticulatum之豐度變化……...……………………...….………. 86

7. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站 Thalia orientalis之豐度變化………………………………….….……..…………. 87

8. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站 Thalia democratica之豐度變化…………………………………………. 88

9. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站 Thalia rhomboides之豐度變化…..…………………………………….…89

10. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域各測站 Dolioletta gegenbauri之豐度變化……..……………….……………………90

11. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站Doliolum denticulatum之世代百分比..………………………….…………. 91

12. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站 Thalia orientalis之世代百分比…………………………………………. 92

13. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站 Thalia democratica之世代百分比………………………………………. 93

14. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站 Thalia rhomboides之世代百分比…..………………………………….…94

15. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間於高屏海域各測站 Dolioletta gegenbauri之世代百分比……..………………………….………95

16. 2001年6月至2002年10月期間於高屏海域海桶類之群聚分析圖…………………………………………………………………..96

17. 2001年6月到2002年10月期間高屏海域海桶類之種群分析圖………………………………………..…………………………97

18. 高屏海域之海桶類第一種群之季節及測站分布圖………....…...98

19. 高屏海域之海桶類第二種群之季節及測站分布圖…...…….…...99

附錄

附錄次……………………………………………………………… 頁數

1.A.全肌目海桶與B.半肌目海桶生活史…………………...……. 100

2.高屏海域之海桶類檢索表…………………………………….....101

3.2001年到2002年中央氣象局逐月逐日氣象資料…………...…104

4.2002年3月到2002年10月台灣周邊海域葉綠素a濃度圖……106

5.台灣沿近海域海桶類出現之文獻記錄……………………….…109

6.不同世代之海桶與橈足類之直線迴歸…………………….……110

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