臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討長期運動介入對社區中老年人運動行為的影響。採長達一年之追蹤性研究（Follow up study），經類實驗研究設計法(quasi-experimental design)，以臺北市士林區蘭興里43-75歲之無規律運動者共95人，依其志願參加分配至實驗組（42名）及對照組（53名），實驗組共進行48週體適能運動計畫（Total Physical Fitness）介入，末後再依研究對象之實際運動情況分成實驗規律、實驗無規律、對照規律以及對照無規律等四組詳加比較。
本研究工具包括運動認知、知覺因素與運動行為之結構式訪談問卷，其內容包括：自覺運動障礙、自覺運動利益、運動自我效能、運動社會支持、運動行為階段以及簡式國際體能活動等量表。所得資料以卡方檢定、t-test、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、複迴歸等統計方法進行分析。
本研究結果發現影響社區中老年人運動行為的重要因素有：運動介入與規律性從事運動、運動自我效能、婚姻狀況、社經地位以及自覺健康狀況。在運動介入與規律性從事運動的重要性比較方面，自覺運動障礙、運動自我效能、每週從事激烈身體活動以及總身體活動的時間強度與是否規律運動的顯著相關性高於是否運動介入；相反地，自覺運動利益以及自覺健康專業人員運動社會支持則與是否運動介入的顯著相關性高於是否規律運動。總之，有運動介入且規律從事運動的確可提昇研究對象的運動行為並且明顯減少其一天坐著的時間。
根據本研究結果，分別就設計合適的介入計畫以及如何減少中老年人的運動障礙兩方面提出建議，以作為日後策劃或推廣社區中老年人健康體適能方案的依據；以及針對研究對象的選取、研究方法的改進兩方面提出建議，以作為未來類似研究的參考。

The main purpose of this study was to investigate community living older adults’ exercise behavior after a long-term exercise intervention. The study focused on a yearlong follow up study and used quasi-experimental design. There were 95 participants (those who didn’t have habitual exercise) aged from 43 to 75 years old and study samples were selected from Shihlin district, Lan Shun li, Taipei. There were 42 subjects in the experimental group and 53 subjects in the control group. The experimental group underwent 48 weeks of total physical fitness (exercise intervention) and the control group didn’t. After 48 weeks of fitness activities, the subjects were grouped into four more groups according to their exercise behavior. The four groups were: experimental group with regular exercise, experimental group without regular exercise, control group with regular exercise, and control group without regular exercise. The research instruments included: CEBBS, perceived barriers to action, perceived benefits of action, perceived self-efficacy scale, exercise social support scale, stage of change scale, and international physical activity questionnaire (short version). Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product moment correlation, multiple regression were used to analyze the data.
The study concluded that what influenced the older adults in their exercise behaviors were: exercise intervention, regular exercising, self-efficacy, marriage, social status, and health status. In the comparisons between the importance of exercise intervention and exercise regularly, the results were following: Perceived barriers to action, perceived self-efficacy, intensive exercise every week, and the total time that one spends on exercise have greater positive relationship between exercise regularly than exercise intervention. On the other hand, perceived benefits of action and perceived social supports have greater positive relationship between exercise intervention than exercise regularly. Therefore, subjects’ exercise behavior is benefited by the exercise intervention and with regular exercise. Moreover, both exercise intervention and exercise regularly could reduce the time that the subjects spend on sitting down.
According to the study results, it’s a good idea to suggest an appropriate exercise intervention in order to decrease the difficulty with exercise. Those results could be indications in promoting physical fitness program for community living older adults. Moreover, the methods for collecting samples and analyzing data are open for suggestion for future reference.

目錄
第壹章 緒論 4
第一節 研究動機與重要性 4
第二節 研究假定 8
第三節 研究目的 8
第四節 研究架構 9
第五節 研究問題 10
第六節 研究假設 10
第七節 名詞界定 11
第八節 研究限制 13
第貳章 文獻查證 14
第一節 社區中老年人運動行為的探討 14
第二節 運動認知、知覺因素與中老年人運動行為的關係 23
第三節 人口學特性與社區中老年人運動行為的關係 33
第參章 研究方法 39
第一節 研究設計 39
第二節 研究對象 39
第三節 資料收集方法 40
第四節 研究工具信效度檢定 40
第五節 資料處理與分析 46
第肆章 研究結果 48
第一節 人口學特性之描述 48
第二節 長期運動介入對研究對象之運動認知、知覺因素與運動行
為的影響 51
第三節 人口學特性與運動認知、知覺因素和運動行為之間的關係 55
第四節 運動認知、知覺因素與運動行為之間的關係 57
第五節 影響運動行為的重要因素 60
第伍章 討論 64
第一節 社區中老年人之運動認知、知覺因素 64
第二節 社區中老年人的運動行為及其影響因素 68
第陸章 結論及建議 73
第一節 結論 73
第二節 建議 74
參考資料
中文部分 80
英文部分 85
附錄
附錄一 自覺運動障礙量表使用同意書 101
附錄二 自覺運動利益量表使用同意書 102
附錄三 運動自我效能量表使用同意書 103
附錄四 運動社會支持量表使用同意書 104
附錄五 簡式國際體能活動量表使用同意書 105
附錄六 48週T、P、F (Total Physical Fitness)活力健康運動計畫 106
附錄七 研究問卷 108
附錄八 訪談同意書 115
附錄九 社區中老年人長期運動介入契約書 116
圖表目次
圖1-4 研究架構 9
表2-2-1 自覺運動利益對規律運動行為之相關研究 24
表2-2-2 自覺運動障礙對規律運動行為之相關研究 26
表2-2-3 運動自我效能對規律運動行為之相關研究 29
表2-2-4 運動社會支持對規律運動行為之相關研究 33
表3-1 研究設計 39
表3-4 研究工具信度分析 41
表3-5 研究目的、研究問題與統計方法一覽表 47
表4-1 實驗組與對照組之同質性檢定 117
表4-2-1 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之自覺運動障礙比較 118
表4-2-2 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之自覺運動利益比較 119
表4-2-3 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之運動自我效能比較 120
表4-2-4 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之家人運動社會支持
比較 121
表4-2-5 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之鄰居朋友運動社會
支持比較 122
表4-2-6 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組之健康專業人員運動
社會支持比較 123
表4-2-7 運動行為階段之分佈情形 124
表4-2-8 研究組別與運動行為階段的關係 124
表4-2-9 實驗規律、無規律、對照規律與無規律組的身體活動之比較 125
表4-3-1 人口學特性與自覺運動障礙的關係 126
表4-3-2 人口學特性與自覺運動利益的關係 127
表4-3-3 人口學特性與運動自我效能的關係 128
表4-3-4 人口學特性與家人運動社會支持的關係 129
表4-3-5 人口學特性與鄰居朋友運動社會支持的關係 130
表4-3-6 人口學特性與健康專業人員運動社會支持的關係 131
表4-3-7 人口學特性與運動行為階段的關係 132
表4-3-8 人口學特性與從事激烈身體活動時間強度的關係 133
表4-3-9 人口學特性與從事中度身體活動時間強度的關係 134
表4-3-10 人口學特性與從事走路時間強度的關係 135
表4-3-11 人口學特性與一天中坐著的時間之關係 136
表4-3-12 人口學特性與一週總身體活動時間強度的關係 137
表4-4-1 運動認知、知覺因素與運動行為之間的關係 138
表4-4-2 激烈身體活動與運動自我效能之間的關係 138
表4-4-3 激烈身體活動與運動社會支持之間的關係 139
表4-4-4 一週總身體活動時間強度與健康專業人員運動社會支持間的關
係 139
表4-4-5 每天坐的時間與健康專業人員運動社會支持之間的關係 140
表4-4-6 運動認知、知覺因素與運動行為之間的皮爾森積差相關 140
表4-5-1 研究對象運動行為階段重要影響因素之複迴歸分析表 141
表4-5-2 研究對象從事激烈身體活動影響因素之複迴歸分析表 141
表4-5-3 研究對象從事走路時間強度影響因素之複迴歸分析表 142
表4-5-4 研究對象坐著的時間影響因素之複迴歸分析表 142
表4-5-5 一週總身體活動時間強度影響因素之複迴歸分析表 143

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