臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高分子電解質膜燃料電池(PEMFC)又稱為常溫型燃料電池，本論文係針對其膜電極組體(MEA)從實驗與數學兩方面來進行研究。在實驗方面，利用兩種膜電極組體的製程來明瞭各製程在量產考量中的特性和困難處，以及影響電池性能的因素，此兩種製程均由薄層觸媒技術延伸而來。為瞭解觸媒層與電解質膜之間的介面，以及電解質膜濕潤膨脹的特性，利用描述一維定溫穩態的數學模式來幫助學習多孔電極結構中的水輸送現象與電解質膜的含水量，此數學模式亦包括陰極觸媒層模型，用來量測觸媒在陰極觸媒層中的有效利用率。
在實驗過程中，Nafion膜會不均勻膨脹致使薄層觸媒不易於電解質膜表面沉積，為減緩此不均勻膨脹導致的沉積困擾，我們利用電解質膜的膨脹特性，發展出一個嶄新的製程，製程中先將電解質膜以溶劑完全均勻膨脹，其後再直接用噴塗或刮刀塗佈的方式，將觸媒漿料沉積於電解質膜表面，此時電解質膜就無不均勻膨脹的現象發生，如此製作的MEA，其電池性能表現亦較商業製程的產品為優。另一個實驗，以轉印製程製作的MEA來作為對照，利用分析電流電壓性能曲線、動力學參數、電觸媒活性表面和交流阻抗分析來比較此兩種製程製作的MEA性能。
最後，數學模擬的預測值會與實驗數據在特定條件下進行比對，而在模擬過程中，數學模式的一些輸入參數，如電極孔隙度、反應物流量比例係數、觸媒層厚度和電流密度等，會與實驗數據進行關聯性處理。

Experimental and mathematical studies of membrane electrode assembly (MEA) for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) have been conducted. Two MEA fabrication processes derived from the thin-film technique were used to realize the feature as well as to determine possible difficulty in mass production and effects on cell performance. To help us understand the interface between the catalyst layer and the membrane, as well as the membrane expansion when hydration occurs, an isothermal, one-dimensional, steady state model was established to understand the water transport phenomenon in the porous structure of the electrodes and the water content in the membrane. The cathode catalyst layer model was also included to measure the utilization efficiency of the catalyst.
In practice, the swelling of the Nafion film always makes it very difficult to deposit thin catalyst layers on the membrane electrolyte. An innovative process has been developed which utilizes the expansion of Nafion film in the deposition so as to mitigate this problem. When the film is fully expanded, we can apply catalyst ink onto the membrane directly by means of spraying or blade pasting without the concern of swelling. The results of the so-fabricated MEA show good performance relative to commercial product. A decalcomania process for MEA fabrication was also used as the other experiment. Kinetic analysis of the electro-active surface including ac impedance was executed for the two processes.
The simulation of the model with different input parameters, such as the electrode porosity, the stoichiometric coefficient for reactants, the catalyst thickness, and the current density, were correlated with the experimental data.

Chapter 1 Introduction
1-1 The Development Background of Fuel Cells 1
1-2 Principle and Construction of PEM Fuel Cells 6
1-2-1 The Polymer Electrolyte Membrane 6
1-2-2 The Membrane/Electrode Assembly 9
1-2-3 The Gas Diffusion Layers 11
1-2-4 The Flow Field Plates and Current Collectors 12
1-3 Mathematical Models of PEM Fuel Cells 13
1-3-1 One-Dimensional Models 13
1-3-2 Two-Dimensional Models 15
1-3-3 Water Management Models and Others 15
1-4 Progress of the MEA Development 16
1-4-1 Designs of the MEA Fabrication Process 17
1-4-2 Mass Production Techniques for MEAs 20
1-5 Purpose and Scope of this Study 21
Chapter 2 Mathematical Simulation of PEM Fuel Cells
2-1 General Description 23
2-2 Mathematical Models 27
2-2-1 Overall Mass Balance 27
2-2-2 Anode Gas Diffusion Layer 29
2-2-3 Cathode Gas Diffusion Layer 30
2-2-4 Water Transport in Membrane 31
2-2-5 Cathode Catalyst Layer 33
2-2-6 Solution Techniques 37
2-3 Results and Discussion 38
2-4 Conclusions 59
Symbols and Notations 62
Chapter 3 An Innovative MEA Process Using the Expansion of
Nafion Film
3-1 Introduction 64
3-2 Experimental 66
3-3 Results and Discussion 69
3-4 Conclusions 81
Chapter 4 Comparison and Simulation of Two Different Thin-film
MEAs
4-1 Introduction 82
4-2 Experimental 83
4-3 Results and Discussion 86
4-4 Conclusions 96
Chapter 5 Conclusions 97
References 99

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