臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

宜蘭腔與通行腔的閩南語最大的不同點在於/uinn/這個音，受到通行腔的影響，宜蘭腔的/uinn/正在消失當中。由於宜蘭腔承襲自大陸漳州腔，所以首先必須了解宜蘭的歷史以及漳州腔的語言背景。而宜蘭腔之所以會受通行腔的影響，在於兩者之間存在著高低語言的差別，所以涉及了語言接觸及雙語、雙言(diglossia)。除此之外，這樣的語言變化，是隨著詞匯而變化的，所以詞匯擴散和雙向擴散也是本文的重點。另外，語言變化中的個別差異與社會因素的年齡、性別、教育程度、及社會網絡有關係。
本篇文章共分成六章：第一章是簡介。第二章是宜蘭腔的歷史、語言背景、及影響它的因素。第三章是文獻回顧，包括詞匯擴散、雙向擴散、語言接觸、雙語、雙言、及社會因素。第四章是我的調查及分析，包括對不同年齡層的調查、媒體、口傳文學、及對年長者的調查。第五章是討論，再次探討了詞匯擴散、從/uinn/到/ng/可能的原因、宜蘭腔的未來。第六章是結論。

Besides lexicons, I-Lan variety is distinguished from Common Taiwanese for the special sound /uinn/. The /uinn/ sound is descendted from Zhanzhou dialect, so this thesis examines the history of migration and language background of I-Lan. Since the sound change from /uinn/ to /ng/ in I-Lan variety results from the influence of Common Taiwanese, it is quite instructive to introduce language contact and diglossia. In addition, the change is processed with lexicons, which means different words or phrases have various speed of change, so attempts should be made to discuss lexical diffusion and bidirectional diffusion. Also, individual difference of various sound changes is owing to social factors like age, sex, or social network.
This thesis contains six chapters. In chapter 2, the history and language background of /uinn/ and /ng/ in I-Lan variety and the factors that influence it will be introduced. In chapter 3, the theory of lexical diffusion, bidirectional diffusion, language contact, diglossia, and social factors are applied to explain my observation. In chapter 4, the main attention will be focused on the investigation and analysis of I-Lan variety nowadays. In chapter 5, the topics on lexical diffusion, possible reasons of change from /uinn/ to /ng/, and future of I-Lan variety will further be discussed. Chapter 6 is the concluding chapter.

1. Introduction ……………………………………………1
2. Background of /uinn/ and /ng/ in I-Lan variety 2
2.1. History & language background of I-Lan ……… 2
2.2. Phonetic features of /uinn/ and /ng/……………5
2.2.1. Tone & Roundness in Middle Chinese……………5
2.2.2. Contrastive phonemes of /uinn/ and /ng/…… 8
2.3. Identification of I-Lan variety…………………12
2.4. Influence on Zhangzhou dialect in I-Lan………13
2.4.1. Influence of Quanzhou dialect…………………13
2.4.2. Influence of literary form…………………… 14
3. Literature review………………………………………16
3.1. Lexical diffusion……………………………………16
3.1.1. Lexical diffusion…………………………………17
3.1.2. Bidirectional diffusion ..................19
3.1.3. Sound correspondence…………………………… 21
3.2. Language contact…………………………………… 23
3.2.1. Language contact...........................23
3.2.2. Bilingualism……………………………………… 24
3.2.3. Diglossia……………………………………………26
3.3. Social factors……………………………………… 28
3.3.1. Age……………………………………………………29
3.3.2. Sex……………………………………………………30
3.3.3. Education & Social network…………………… 31
4. The investigation & results…………………………33
4.1. Investigation 1 (the influence of age)……… 33
4.2. Investigation 2………………………………………36
4.2.1. Pre-investigation…………………………………36
4.2.2. Investigation (the influence of education and occupation) ……………38
4.3. Investigation 3 (the influence of social network, sex, and Mandarin) ………………39
4.4. Investigation of local media, oral literature, and the elder in I-Lan ………41
4.4.1. Local TV news………………………………………42
4.4.2. Local radio…………………………………………43
4.4.3. Taiwanese opera……………………………………45
4.4.4. Other oral literature……………………………48
4.4.5. The inquiry of the elder……………………… 52
5. Discussion……………………………………………… 53
5.1. Lexical diffusion……………………………………53
5.1.1. Various change speed…………………………… 53
5.1.2. Change speed and word frequency………………58
5.1.3. Free & bound morphemes vs. versatility & restrictedness ……………………… 61
5.2. Possible reasons from /uinn/ to /ng/………… 63
5.2.1. Phonetic factors (Gravity vs. Acuteness)… 63
5.2.2. Social factors…………………………………… 64
5.2.2.1. Style & Code…………………………………… 66
5.2.2.2. Diglossia……………………………………… 69
5.3. Future of I-Lan variety……………………………71
5.3.1. Language shift & maintenance………………… 71
5.3.2. Future of I-Lan variety…………………………74
6. Conclusion……………………………………………… 75

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