臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

傳統工業程序控制中，PID控制器使用及應用最為普遍。雖然PID控制法則簡單，但它們個別的增益參數無法隨著受控系統變化而自動調整。為了改善此一缺點，於是有著名的Ziegler-Nichols參數設定方法、模糊邏輯參數設定方法及利用生物本質為理論基礎的人工智慧控制理論等，其控制方法特色是模擬人的智能行為，不需要精確的數學模型，能夠解決許多傳統控制技術中複雜的、不確定性的、非線性的自動化控制問題。
傳統CMAC感應場中使用的是二值方盒型基礎函數，它無法儲存網路輸出入間微分之訊息，因而限制了系統參數的調整，再者，由於CMAC的近似性質及計算機造成之捨入誤差等，也因此限制了實際應用時控制精度的提昇。
因此，本論文提出將模糊歸屬函數植入傳統CMAC感應場中及新的索引指標連結規則-全連結定址架構，並結合數值分析中殘差法理論，稱為殘差修正之模糊小腦模型控制器(RFCMAC)，除保有傳統小腦模型控制器之優點外，另具備輸出與系統參數之偏微分關係而得以進行參數之動態調整及控制精度的提升。
最後並將本研究所提之架構應用於線性壓電陶瓷馬達位置追隨(Tracking)控制中，藉以驗證其在實際控制系統中控制精度提昇的效能。
從實驗結果得知，無論參考模式是步階或是正弦波輸入，本研究所提具殘差修正之模糊小腦模型控制器架構在位置追隨響應上均較傳統之比例微分控制器架構更能貼近追隨於參考模式，並成功地實現本研究所提架構在線性壓電陶瓷馬達位置追隨響應上控制精度之提升。

For traditional industry process control, the PID controller is the most commonly used. Although the rule of PID control is simple, the main defect of PID control is that the individual gain parameters cannot be automatically adjusted when the controlled system changes. To improve this, the Ziegler-Nichols parameter setting method, the Fuzzy logic parameter setting method, and the Artificial Intelligence control theory are developed hence. The features of these methods are to imitate artificial intelligence, which can solve the problems of complexity, indetermination and nonlinear of traditional control technique, without precise mathematics model needed.
The receptive field function of conventional CMAC uses the basic function of binary box, which cannot store the differential information between input and output. Also, due to the approximate property of CMAC and computer round-off error, it limits the adjustment of the system parameter and the accuracy of practical application.
So, this paper presents a new index rule, which fully connects the addressing scheme and receptive field function, called RFCMAC. It not only can keep the advantages of CMAC, but also can store the differential information between input and output, which is able to auto-adjust the system parameter and improve the accuracy.
Finally, to demonstrate its practical control system capability and performance of improving the accuracy, I apply the proposed structure in the position of tracking of Linear Piezoelectric Ceramic Motor (LPCM).
From the experimental results, any one input of the reference model of step function or sine wave will do, the position tracking response of moving table can be closely follow the reference model compares RFCMAC with PI structure and has been successfully implemented to control the position tracking of LPCM to achieve improvement the accuracy.

中文摘要…………………………………………………………………...I
英文摘要…………………………………………………………………..II
總目錄………………………………………………………………….…III
圖目錄………………………………………………………………….VII
表目錄…………………………………………………………………...X
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………….1
1.1研究背景與動機…………………………………………………….1
1.2研究目的…………………………………………………………….3
1.3研究範圍與限制…………………………………………………….3
1.4研究方法…………………………………………………………….4
1.5研究步驟…………………………………………………………….4
第二章 小腦模型控制器理論…………………………………………….7
2.1 小腦模型控制器之相關研究…………………………………….7
2.1.1小腦模型控制器之優缺點………..……………………….7
2.1.2小腦模型控制器之記憶體的改善.….….………………….8
2.1.3小腦模型控制器之精度的改善..……….….………..…….9
2.1.4小腦模型控制器的應用……………………...……………9
2.1.5 具微分特性之小腦模型控制器...…………..……………..10
2.2 小腦模型控制器之基本架構...………..….……………………12
2.3小腦模型控制器之記憶體分割方式.…………………………13
2.3.1一維小腦模型控制器之記憶體分割方式.……..….………13
2.3.2二維小腦模型控制器之記憶體分割方式.……..….………15
2.4 小腦模型控制器數學表示法………………………………….16
2.5 小腦模型控制器學習演算法………………………………….17
第三章 模糊理論………….……………………………….…………..19
3.1模糊理論之歷史發展…………………….………………….19
3.2 模糊集合……………………………….………….….………20
3.2.1 歸屬函數之表示法……..……………..………….……….20
3.2.2模糊集合之表示法….……..……..………………………22
3.3模糊集合之運算……….……..…………….…….…………22
3.4 模糊控制…………………………………..…..…….………24
3.4.1 輸入量模糊化……………………………………..………25
3.4.2 知識庫…………………………...………..……....…..…26
3.4.3 模糊推論引擎…………………………...….……....…..…26
3.4.4 解模糊化………………………….....….……..…....…..…26
3.5 模糊系統學習與參數調整….………………..…..…….………27
3.5.1 最陡梯度下降法…………………………………..………27
3.5.2 模糊系統參數之調整…………………………....………30
第四章 具殘差修正之模糊小腦模型控制器設計……………………...34
4.1導論………………….……………….………….……..……34
4.2 FCMAC之基本架構…………………..…..……..…………36
4.3 FCMAC之定址模式………….………………..……………38
4.4 FCMAC輸出及學習演算法…….………..…..……………40
4.4.1 模糊推論及輸出產生………………………………….…..43
4.4.2 FCMAC學習演算法….………………..…………………43
4.4.3 FCMAC之使用程序……..……………………….………44
4.5 殘差法理論…….…….….….…..………………..……………45
4.6 具殘差修正之FCMAC…….…..………………..……………48
4.7 CMAC與FCMAC及RFCMAC學習性能比較…..……………49
4.8 FCMAC之微分特性探討………..….……..……………55
4.8.1 FCMAC輸出/輸入間微分特性探討…..…………….…..56
4.8.2鐘形感應場函數之特性探討….………..…………………57
4.8.3 DCMAC與FCMAC微分特性之比較…..…………………59
4.9 RFCMAC控制系統之設計……….……….……..……………62
4.9.1 PIRFCMAC控制系統架構…….….…..…………….…..62
4.9.2比例積分控制器設計….…….…..……….…..………63
4.9.3 RFCMAC控制器設計….…….….…….…..………63
4.9.3.1控制器參數設定….…….….…….…..………63
4.9.3.2控制器之回想演算法….…….….…..………64
4.9.3.3控制器之學習演算法….…….….…..………65
第五章 線性壓電陶瓷馬達控制系統實驗……….………………...66
5.1系統硬體規劃………………………….……….……..……66
5.2 系統元件功能簡介………………………..…..……………68
5.2.1 編碼器…….….……..….……..…...…………….…..68
5.2.2 HR4超音波馬達….…….…..…...…………….…..69
5.2.3 AB1驅動器….……..……………..…...…………….…..70
5.2.4 AD/DA卡….……..….……..……..…...…………….…..70
5.3 線性壓電陶瓷馬達………………………..…..……………71
5.3.1 超音波馬達之發展歷史….……..…...…………….…..72
5.3.2 壓電效應…….….……..….……..…...…………….…..73
5.3.3線性壓電陶瓷馬達之特點.……..…...…………….…..73
5.3.4相關線性壓電陶瓷馬達控制系統之研究..……….…..75
5.4 控制實驗之設計………….……………..…..……………75
5.5 實驗結果………….……………………..…..……………78
第六章 研究結論與建議……………………….…..………..……103
6.1研究結論………………………….……….……..…..…103
6.2研究建議………………………….……….……….……103
參考文獻……………………………………………….…………105
作者簡介……………………………………………….…………110

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