臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文探討甲魚飼料之最適蛋白能量比及油脂暨熟化澱粉與油脂作為飼料能量源之影響。實驗一以55%白魚粉、30%黃豆粉、15%肉骨粉為蛋白源，配製十二組飼料蛋白質含量在35%, 40%, 45%。以適當比例玉米油(0%、4%、8%)和熟化澱粉(0%、9%、18%)調配成各有不同比例之蛋白質、脂質及碳水化合物之飼料，探討蛋白能量比對甲魚成長之影響。投餵平均體重5.84 ±0.23 g的甲魚。經56天的成長實驗，活存率以蛋白質源60% 脂質4%碳水化合物0%(P60L4C0)飼料顯著性低於其他各組。同時結果也顯示飼料中熟化澱粉含量越高對甲魚之成長各項指標如增重率，比成長率以及飼料效率上均隨之提高。反之，當飼料脂質添加量超過8﹪時成長會受到影響。因此本研究推論甲魚飼料中之能量可以在35﹪CP時調至373.5 kcal/100g，而其最適蛋白能量比為104.5 mg/kcal左右。在飼料中添加18% 熟化澱粉 (總碳水化合物含量31.0%)後，可使含35﹪CP之飼料與含45﹪CP之飼料對甲魚成長有相同之效果，可有效節約飼料中10﹪之蛋白質含量。
實驗二則以30%白魚粉、40%黃豆粉、30%肉骨粉為蛋白源，配製蛋白質含量在25%、30%、35%。再以0%、9%、18%、27%、36%、45%的熟化澱粉添加至各不同蛋白量之組別共計十五組，以探討甲魚對熟化澱粉作為能量源之利用能力。甲魚實驗初體重為9.82±0.43 g。在進行56天飼料實驗後顯示，粗蛋白含量不宜低於35%。增重率當添加熟化澱粉超過9%之後，有隨熟化澱粉添加量增加而下降的趨勢。在飼料效率方面，在CP25%組熟化澱粉添加量超過27%之後，會有下降的現象，而在CP30%與CP35%組則在9%熟化澱粉添加量有較佳的飼料效率。在體組成分析中，在蛋白質方面，未添加熟化澱粉組比其他組別有含量較低的現象，並具有顯著差異。在體組成之脂質方面，以未添加組及36%組為最低，而18%、27%、45%為最高，彼此間無顯著差異。實驗結果顯示，含35%粗蛋白之飼料添加9%熟化澱粉(無氮抽出物，NFE含量為33.3%),能量為342 kcal/100g對甲魚之成長各項指標如增重率,成長率以及飼料效益均有最好表現。
綜合以上兩個實驗推論：飼料粗蛋白不能低於35%，總碳水化合物量不超過33.3%，脂質總含量不超過14%; 能量在342.1 ~ 373.5 kcal/100g 而P/E比在 105 mg/kcal 之飼料對甲魚成長最佳。

The objective of this study was conducted to investigate the most suitable protein/energy (P/E) ratio in diets for soft-shell turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) , and to evaluate the suitable level of lipid and α-starch as dietary energy sources.
A combination of white fish meal, soybean meal, and meat bone meal (55:30:15) was used as the major protein source for experiment I. Twelve diets was formulated to contain three protein levels (35%, 40% and 45%). The energy contents of each group of diets were adjusted by gradient proportion of corn oil (0%、4%、8%) and α-starch (0%、9%、18%). Diets were fed to triplicate groups of 10 soft shell turtles (initial weight: 5.84±0.23g) for 56 days. A diet containing 60% protein source, 4% lipid ,and 0%α-starch (P60L4C0) had a significantly lowest survival rates (77.3%) among different diets. Weight gain, specific growth ratio and feed efficiency increased with increasing level of dietary carbohydrate. About 10% of crude protein could be saved by 18% of -starch (31% of dietary NFE content) included in 35%CP diet with equal growth performance as that for 45%CP diet. Turtle received diets containing a dietary lipid level over 8% exhibited retarded growth. It was concluded that the total dietary energy of a formulated feed can be reduced to 373.5 kcal/100g with a crude protein level of 35%, which had a P/E ratio of 104.5 mg/kcal.
Of the second experiment, a combination of white fish meal, soybean meal, and meat bone meal (30：40：30) was used as the major protein source. Fifteen diets was formulated to contain three protein levels (25%, 30% and 35%). The energy contents of each group of diets were adjusted by gradient proportion of α-starch(0%、9%、18%、27%、36%、45%). Experiment II was prepared to investigate the utilization of energy source byα-starch in soft-shell turtle. Diets were fed to triplicate groups each having 6 soft shell turtles (initial weight: 9.82±0.43g) for 56 days. After 56 days of feeding, The specific growth ratio (SGR) of soft-shell turtle increased with increasing dietary protein level. Weight gain of soft-shell turtle decreased with increasing starch level when the level exceeded 9%. The feed efficiency of soft-shell turtle decreased with increasing starch level when starch level lower than 27% for the 25%CP group. And the higher value was found on the starch level at 9% and on the group fed 30%CP and 35%CP. Soft-shell turtle fed a 0% starch diet was exhibited a highest whole body protein content. Soft-shell turtle fed a 0% starch diet was exhibited a lowest whole body lipid content, and fed 27% starch diet was exhibited a highest body lipid content. These results suggest that a diet containing 35% dietary protein level, 9% of dietary starch (33% of dietary NFE content) and energy as 342 kcal/100g will give soft-shell turtle best performance on all respect of growth performance.
According to those two experiments, diets containing 35% dietary protein level at least , 33% of dietary NFE content at most and 14% dietary lipid level at most, energy as 342.1 ~ 373.5 kcal/100g, and P/E ratio about 105mg/kcal, will be the most suitable diet for the soft-shell turtle in growth.

目 錄
摘要(中文)…………………………………………………………. ……i
摘要(英文) ……………………………………………………………...iii
表目錄……………………………………………………………………v
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………...ix
附表目錄…………………………………………………………………x
前言………………………………………………………………………1
文獻整理……………………………………………….. ………3
實驗一： 甲魚飼料之最適蛋白能量比
材料與方法…………………………………………………...13
結果…………………………………………………………...20
討論…………………………………………………………...24
結論…………………………………………………………...27
實驗二： 甲魚對於熟化澱粉之利用能力
材料與方法…………………………………………………...28
結果……………………………………………….. …………30
討論……………………………………………….. …………37
結論……………………………………………….. …………40
總結論………………………………………………………...41
參考文獻……………………………………………………...42

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