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研究生:曾心捷
研究生(外文):Tseng Hsin Chieh
論文名稱:吳郭魚稚魚之最適鈣與磷需求
論文名稱(外文):The optimal dietary calcium and phosphorus requirements of juvenile hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus
指導教授:蕭錫延蕭錫延引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shiau Shi-Yen
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立海洋大學
系所名稱:食品科學系
學門:農業科學學門
學類:食品科學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2003
畢業學年度:91
語文別:中文
論文頁數:109
中文關鍵詞:吳郭魚
外文關鍵詞:tilapiacalciumphosphorusrequirements
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本研究目的為探討淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈣與磷之最適需求量。研究一:吳郭魚 (平均初重0.52 ± 0.01 g)分別於淡水及海水之密閉循環系統中飼養八週,基礎飼料添加0、0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.5、0.7及1.0%鈣 (添加型式為Ca(CH3CHOCOO)2∙5H2O)共八組,每組三重複,每日餵食魚體濕重之5%。結果顯示:淡水飼育環境下,吳郭魚餵予未添加鈣組之魚體增重率、血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性、骨骼灰分含量與骨骼、鱗片及魚體中鈣、磷含量皆較其它有添加鈣之各組低。魚體之飼料效率、蛋白質利用率及血清中鈣與磷含量未受飼料中鈣添加而影響。海水飼育環境下,吳郭魚餵以未添加鈣組之魚體增重率、飼料效率、蛋白質利用率、血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性、骨骼灰分含量、骨骼、鱗片及魚體中鈣、磷含量皆較其它實驗組低。血清中鈣與磷含量未受飼料中鈣添加而影響。以魚體增重率、骨骼及鱗片中鈣含量對飼料中實際鈣含量以broken-line迴歸分析,獲得吳郭魚對鈣之需求量在淡水及海水飼育環境下皆為0.34 - 0.49%。顯示水中鈣離子濃度並不影響吳郭魚對鈣之需求。研究二:吳郭魚 (平均初重1.00 ± 0.01 g)飼養環境及條件與研究一同,基礎飼料中鈣添加量為0.4%,另外添加0、0.1、0.15、0.2、0.3、0.4、0.6及0.8%磷 (添加型式為KH2PO4∙2H2O)共八組。結果顯示:吳郭魚餵予未添加磷組之魚體增重率、飼料效率、蛋白質利用率、血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性、骨骼灰分含量、魚體與骨骼及鱗片中鈣、磷含量皆較其它添加鈣組低。血清中鈣與磷含量未受飼料中磷添加而影響。以增重率、骨骼及鱗片中磷含量對飼料中實際磷含量以broken-line迴歸分析,獲得吳郭魚對磷之需求量為0.45 - 0.55%。
Two experiments were conducted to estimate the optimum dietary calcium (Ca) requirements of juvenile tilapia, reared in freshwater and in seawater.(Exp. 1) and the dietary phosphorus (P) requirements of tilapia reared in freshwater.(Exp. 2) In Experiment I, purified diets with eight levels (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0%) of Ca were each fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (mean body weight 0.52 ± 0.01 g) for eight weeks in either freshwater or seawater. Results indicated that in freshwater, weight gain (WG), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, bone ash concentration, Ca and P concentrations of whole-body, bone and scale were significantly lower (P<0.05) in fish fed the Ca unsupplemented control diet than fish fed Ca supplemented diets. In seawater, lower WG, feed efficiency (FE), protein efficiency ratio (PER), serum ALP activity, bone ash concentration, Ca and P concentrations in whole-body, bone and scale were observed in fish fed the Ca unsupplemented diet. Broken-line regression analysis of WG, bone and scale Ca concentrations indicates that tilapia reared in seawater and in freshwater has similar dietary Ca requirement, 0.34-0.49% diet. In Experiment II, purified diets with eight levels (0, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8%) of P were each fed to triplicate groups of tilapia (mean body weight 1.00 ± 0.01 g) for eight weeks. Results indicated lower WG, FE, PER, serum ALP activity, bone ash concentration, Ca and P concentrations of whole-body, bone and scale were observed in fish fed the Ca unsupplemented diet than other dietary groups. Broken-line regression analysis of WG, bone and scale P concentrations indicates that dietary P requirement of tilapia is about 0.45-0.55% diet.
目 錄
中文摘要 Ⅰ
英文摘要 Ⅱ
文獻整理 1
研究一:淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈣之最適需求量
摘要 17
前言 19
材料與方法 20
結果 34
討論 54
研究二:吳郭魚稚魚對磷之最適需求量
摘要 59
前言 60
材料與方法 61
結果 75
討論 86
總結論 90
參考文獻 91
圖目錄
文獻整理
圖一、 鈣在體內的消化、吸收與運輸 3
圖二、 鈣在人體內的調控 5
圖三、 磷在體內消化、吸收與運輸 9
研究一:淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈣之最適需求量
圖四、 淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之成長
曲線 35
圖五、 飼料中實際鈣含量對於淡水飼育吳郭魚稚魚增重百分率之
broken-line迴歸分析圖 50
圖六、 飼料中實際鈣含量對淡水飼育吳郭魚稚魚骨骼及鱗片中鈣
濃度之broken-line迴歸分析圖 51
圖七、 飼料中實際鈣含量對於海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚增重百分率之
broken-line迴歸分析圖 52
圖八、 飼料中實際鈣含量對海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚骨骼及鱗片中鈣
濃度之broken-line迴歸分析圖 53
研究二:吳郭魚稚魚對磷之最適需求量
圖九、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之成長曲線 76
圖十、 飼料中實際磷含量對於吳郭魚稚魚增重百分率之broken-
line迴歸分析圖 84
圖十一、 飼料中實際磷含量對淡水飼育吳郭魚稚魚骨骼及鱗片中
磷濃度之broken-line迴歸分析圖 85
表目錄
文獻整理
表一、 魚類對鈣之需求 15
表二、 魚類對磷之需求 16
研究一:淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚對鈣之最適需求量
表三、 實驗飼料組成 21
表四、 淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚實驗飼料之一般成份 22
表五、 淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之
水中鈣、磷濃度 24
表六、 淡水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之增重百
分率、飼料效率及存活率 36
表七、 海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之增重百
分率、飼料效率及存活率 37
表八、 淡水及海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之
蛋白質利用率及肝體比 38
表九、 淡水飼育吳郭魚稚魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之體
組成 39
表十、 海水飼育吳郭魚稚魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之
體組成 40
表十一、 淡水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之魚體
、血液中鈣與磷濃度與血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性 41
表十二、 海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之魚體
、血液中鈣與磷濃度與血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性 42
表十三、 淡水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之骨骼
中灰分含量及骨骼與鱗片中鈣、磷濃度 44
表十四、 海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之骨骼
中灰分含量及骨骼與鱗片中鈣、磷濃度 45
表十五、 淡水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之肝臟
、肌肉中鈣與磷濃度 48
表十六、
海水飼育吳郭魚餵食不同鈣含量飼料八週後之肝臟
、肌肉中鈣與磷濃度ּּ 49
研究二:吳郭魚稚魚對磷之最適需求量
表十七、 實驗飼料組成 62
表十八、 實驗飼料之一般成分 63
表十九、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之水中鈣、磷濃
度 65
表二十、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之增重百分率
、飼料效率及存活率 77
表二十一、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之蛋白質利用
率及肝體比 78
表二十二、 吳郭魚稚魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之體組成 79
表二十三、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之魚體、血液
中鈣與磷濃度與血清中鹼性磷酸酶活性 80
表二十四、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之骨骼中灰分含
量及骨骼與鱗片中鈣、磷濃度 81
表二十五、 吳郭魚餵食不同磷含量飼料八週後之肝臟、肌肉
中鈣與磷濃度 83
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