臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

劍尖槍鎖管(Photololigo squid)屬於頭足綱(Cephalopoda)閉眼亞目類(Myopsina)之軟體動物(Mollusca)，向來是臺灣東北部海域燈火漁業最主要的標的魚種之一。但國內有關劍尖槍鎖管之生殖、年齡、成長、洄游及分布等生物、生態學方面的研究則甚為欠缺。緣此，本研究利用燈火漁業標本船所提供之鎖管樣本，除進行外部形質量測及種類鑑定外，亦進行其生殖腺各項參數之量測，以及平衡石日輪之計數，以考察劍尖槍鎖管之生殖與年齡成長特性，此外，也配合標本船之漁業活動實態，並結合衛星遙測表水溫之分布結構，來探究臺灣東北部海域劍尖槍鎖管之分布與洄游特性，其結果摘述如下：
(1)根據平衡石日輪計數及外套膜長量測之結果得知，雌雄別之成長方程式如下所示：
雌性鎖管
雄性鎖管
(2)藉由本研究所求出的成長方程式顯示，劍尖槍鎖管在孵化後的前6個月，雌雄性鎖管的成長速率約略一致，第7個月以後成長速率開始出現分歧，雄性鎖管繼續成長至較大的個體，雌性鎖管則開始緩慢成長至理論極限體長。
(3)由民國2002年4月~2003年3月間，鎖管樣本(n =5292)外套膜長之頻度分布情形顯示，於2002年6、7、9、11月及2003年2~3月期間，有外套膜長較小的鎖管加入漁場而被漁獲的情形，且利用成長方程式反推之結果顯示，加入的鎖管群主要的孵化期約在2002年1~2、4、6及10~11月，亦即劍尖槍鎖管之孵化期幾乎含蓋整年。
(4)根據生殖腺量測及判斷性成熟度Stage4比例的結果顯示，劍尖槍鎖管之生殖季節除了冬季(1~2月)較不明顯外，其餘時期皆有產卵行為，而透過鎖管生殖腺指數(GSI)與性成熟度Stage4所佔的比例顯示，產卵期為每年12月，而產卵場分布在彭佳嶼海域。
(5)由劍尖槍鎖管分布生物特性及黑潮水流勢消長情形得知，每年1~3月黑潮反流逐漸被黃海冷水、大陸沿岸流壓迫往西南方向壓縮，使鎖管仔稚魚隨之往臺灣北部沿近海域(育成場)；隨著時序推移，4月以後臺灣海峽暖水與黑潮水流勢逐漸增強，鎖管從臺灣北部沿近海域往東北方移動至東海陸棚(索餌場)進行索餌，直到12月時，鎖管隨黑潮反流往西南方移動至彭佳嶼週邊海域進行產卵，產卵後親魚相繼死亡，而尚未有游泳能力的鎖管仔稚魚孵化後，也會受到黑潮反流流勢而被帶往臺灣北部沿近海域。

Photololigo edulis is a Mollusca that belongs to the class Cephalopoda and genus Myopsina. It is one of the main specimens in torch light fishery in the waters off northeastern Taiwan. Although it is commonly found, its biological and ecological natures such as reproduction, age, growth, migration, and distribution have rarely been studied upon. In view of the lack of research on the subject matter, this study aims to study the various characteristics of squid mentioned above.
The squid specimens used in this study are provided by the torch light fishing specimen boat. The specimens are sorted by their morphometric characters and species identification. Gonadal parameters and growth increments of statolith counts are used to study their reproduction and growth characteristics. In addition, fisheries activities and data on sea surface temperature distribution of waters off northeastern Taiwan are collected from satellite remote sensing to study the migration and distribution characteristics of squid.
Our results are as followed：
a. According to the growth increments of statolith counts and dorsal mantle length measures, the growth equation of male and female squid can be represented as:
Female
Male
b. The above equations show that during the first six months after hatching, the growth rate for both male and female squid is almost the same. Beginning with the seventh month, however, the male squid continues to grow (larger than the female), whereas the female squid slows down its growing process and reaches the theoretical maximum length.
c. Data collected between April 2002 and March 2003 on the dorsal mantle length frequency distribution for squid (specimen n=5292) shows that smaller dorsal mantle length squid was found in the fishing ground in June, July, September, November of 2002 and in February and March of 2003. Back-calculation (using the growth equation) indicates that the hatching periods fell in January, February, April, June, October, and November of 2002. In other words, the hatching period of squid spans over nearly the entire year.
d. Comparative results from gonad parameters and maturity stage 4 indicate that the spawning season of squid is year-round, with the exception of January and February, when spawning is not very apparent. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and maturity stage 4 ratio shows that spawning takes place in December. The spawning ground is in the waters surrounding the Peng-Chia Island.
e. From the characteristics of squid distribution and the flowing pattern of Kuroshio Current, it is known that between January and March, the Kuroshio countercurrent is pressed to the southwest by the cold Yellow Sea and the coastal current from Mainland China. This in turns carries the larva to inshore of northern Taiwan (nursing ground). After April, the Taiwan warm current and the flow of Kuroshio Current increase, the squid migrates northeast to feed in the East China Sea continental shelf (feeding ground). Until December, the squid travels with the Kuroshio countercurrent southwestwardly to the Peng-Chia water where they would spawn. The parent squid dies shortly after spawning, and the larva is carried back to the north by the Kuroshio countercurrent.

表 目 錄 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
圖 目 錄 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
摘 要 ………………………………………………………………… Ⅵ
Abstract ………………………………………………………………… Ⅷ
第 一 章 緒論………………………………………………………… 1
第 二 章 材料與方法……………………………………………… 6
一、 資料蒐集…………………………………………………… 6
(一) 漁業活動資料………………………………………………… 6
(二) 生物採集資料………………………………………………… 6
(三) 衛星遙測資料………………………………………………… 6
二、 資料處理…………………………………………… 7
(一) 生物樣本的處理……………………………………………… 7
1 種類鑑定及內外部形態量測………………………………… 7
2 性成熟度的判定……………………………………………… 8
3 日齡判讀……………………………………………………… 9
(二) 漁業活動資料的處理………………………………………… 11
(三) 衛星遙測資料的處理………………………………………… 12
第 三 章 結 果………………………………………………………… 13
一、 日齡與成長…………………………………………………… 13
二、 外套膜長頻度分析結果……………………………………… 14
三、 生殖與攝食…………………………………………………… 16
四、 產卵場推測範圍……………………………………………… 18
五、 鎖管之分佈洄游與海洋環境間的關係……………………… 19
第 四 章 討論………………………………………………………… 23
一、 成長…………………………………………………………… 23
二、 生殖…………………………………………………………… 25
三、四、 洄游………………………………………………………結語…………………………………………………………… 2728
謝 辭 ………………………………………………………………… 29
參 考 文 獻 ………………………………………………………………… 30
附 錄 一 ……………………………………………………………… 71

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