本研究針對晶圓代工業，包含三個主要目的：第一、探討個案公司在不同背景下所採用的事業策略類型；第二、探討個案公司策略選擇後所發展出的製造能力是否能達成其事業策略目標；第三、探討個案公司製造部門參與企業決策的積極程度是否能達成事業策略目標。
為達成上述目的，首先透過文獻探討將事業策略區分為：先制策略、跟隨策略-成本領導及跟隨策略-差異化；並架構出製造策略的代表要項製造能力、製造部門參與決策積極程度與事業策略關係之研究假設；最後針對個案廠商利用資料蒐集、人員深度訪談等方式來驗證研究假設。
經實證研究後，得到的結論如下
1.台積電在新產品進入市場及新技術採用時機的構面上為領先者，所採用的事業策略為
先制策略；中芯國際以成本做為競爭優勢的來源，所採用的事業策略為跟隨策略-成
本領導。
2.在製造能力的構面上，台積電較具優勢的項目為：一致性品質、獨特性品質、交貨迅
速性、產品彈性及產量彈性；中芯國際較具優勢的項目為：低成本及交貨準確性。
3.在製造部門參與決策積極程度的構面上，台積電較中芯國際重視製造部門在決策上的
參與。

This study which concerntrated on the business strategy and manufacturing strategy of IC Foundry has three main purposes. The first one is to vertify business strategy which the case firms take. The second and third one are, under the different business strategy, does the manufacturing capabilities and manufacturing proactivness which developed after strategy choices meet the objects of business strategy.
In order to reach above purpose, the author categorize the business strategies types into preemptive strategy, follower strategy-cost leadership and follower strategy-differentiated by theoretical perspectives review. Then, develop the hypothesis of fit relationship between manufacturing capabilities, manufacturing proactivness and different business strategies.
The conclusions of this study are as the following:
1. TSMC takes the preemptive strategy, and SMIC takes the follower strategy-cost leadership.
2. In the manufacturing capabilities dimension, TSMC has beter performance in conformance
quality, performance quality, delivery speed, volume flexibility and product flexibility;
SMIC has better performance in low cost and delivery reliability.
3. In the manufacturing proactivness dimension, the manufacturing strategic role of TSMC is
more aggressive than the manufacturing strategic role of SMIC.

第一章　緒　論 1
第一節　研究動機 1
第二節　研究目的 4
第三節　研究流程 5
第二章 文獻探討 6
第一節　策略的定義與層級 6
第二節　事業策略單位的類型 9
第三節　製造策略的定義與發展 16
第四節　製造策略與不同事業策略類型的關係 27
第三章　研究架構與方法 30
第一節　研究架構 30
第二節　研究方法 33
第三節　研究範圍與限制 35
第四章　資料分析 37
第一節　半導體的發展與分類 37
第二節　晶圓代工業的發展與趨勢 41
第三節　台灣晶圓代工業的發展 58
第四節　大陸晶圓代工業的發展 62
第五章　個案公司分析 66
第一節　中芯國際集成電路製造公司簡介 66
第二節　台灣積體電路股份有限公司簡介 72
第三節　個案公司事業策略與製造策略之比較 77
第六章　結論與建議 89
第一節　研究結論 89
第二節　管理的涵意 90
第二節　後續研究建議 91
參考文獻 93

一、中文部分
1.方世榮著，製造積極性、製造策略群組及績效的探討-電子/資訊業的實證研究，輔仁
管理論評，第五卷，第二期，民87年。
2.王碩仁著，矽晶大勢，大椽文化，民89年。
3.吳美娟著，台灣IC製造業製程技術能力、專利權與績效關係之研究，雲林科技大學
企業管理系碩士班未出版論文，民90年。
4.邱垂昱，上海地區半導體產業競爭力之研究，台北科技大學生產系統工程與管理研究
所未出版碩士論文，民91年。
5.許士軍著，管理學，七版，東華書局，民國76年。
6.許君萍著，台灣製造業製造策略型態之研究，台灣科技大學管理研究所未出版碩士論
文，民88年。
7.溤明憲，中國半導體產業發展形勢與台灣因應之道，交通大學材料科學與工程研究所
未出版碩士論文，民87年
8.張世佳著，製造策略與事業策略配適分析-高科技廠商之實證，台灣大學商學研究所
未出版博士論文，民84年。
9.張世佳著，製造能力與事業策略配適分析，管理學報，民87年。
10.程鈺晶著，競爭策略與製造策略的搭配關係-廠商製造能力與製造決策，台灣大學商
學研究所未出版碩士論文，民84年。
11.劉志能著，製造策略之理論與實證研究-以電子電機工業為例，交通大學工程研究所
未出版碩士論文，民80年。
12.賴士葆著，國營事業製造策略比較之研究，國營事業經營管理政策學術研究會論文
集，政治大學企業管理研究所，民80年。
13.賴錦茹，以晶圓代工為例分析兩岸IC製造業之競合策略，交通大學科技管理研究所
未出版碩士論文，民90年。
14.譚大純著，製造策略之文獻探討-回顧、分類與前瞻，淡江人文社會學刊，第五期，
民89年。
15.羅美珍著，我國半導體產業競爭優勢-積體電路製造廠商經營策略之探討，交通大學
科技管理研究所未出版碩士論文，民88年。
16.蘇慧瓊著，製造策略積極性對製造績效、製造改進活動與經營績效之影響，雲林科
技大學企業管理系碩士班未出版論文，民84年。
二、英文部分
17.Adam, E. E. and Swamidss, P. M., "Assessing Operations Management from a Strtegic Prespective," Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 15, No. 2, 1989, pp. 181-203.
18.Akhtar, K. and M. T. Tabucanon, "A Framework for Manufacturing Strategy Analysis In The Wake of Reducing Product Life-cycles: A Case of a Multinational in a Newly
Industrializing Country," Technovation, Vol. 13, No. 5, 1993, pp. 265-281.
19.Akkermans, H. A., and Van Aken, J. E., "Process Related Problems in Operations Stategy," International Studies of Management & Organizations, Vol. 22, No. 4, 1992, pp. 6-20.
20.Anderson, J. C., G. Cleveland, and R. G. Schroeder, "Operations Strategy: A Literature Review," Jouranl of Operations Management, Vol. 8, No. 2, 1989, pp. 133-159.
21.Ansoff, H. I., Corporate Strategy: A Analytic Approach to Business Policy for Growth and Expansion, N. Y. : McGraw-Hill, 1965.
22.Ansoff, H.I. and J. M. Stewart, "Strategies for a Technoloty-based Business," Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec., 1967, pp 81-93.
23.Beckman, S. L., W. A. Boller, S. A. Hamilton and J. W. Monroe, "Using Manufacturing as Competitive Weapon," Strategic Manufacturing, 3rd ed., Dow-jones Irwin, Inc., Partricia E.
Homewood, 1990.
24.Bettery, W. L., J. E. Klompmaker, and C. P. Mclaughlin, "Linking Stragegy Formulation in Marketing and Operations," Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 10, No. 3. 1991, pp.
94-301.
25.Buffa, E. S., "Market American Manufacturing Competitive," California Management Review, Spring, 1984, pp. 102-109.
26.Buzzell, R., B. Gale, and R. Sultan, " Market Structure: A Way to Profitability," Harvard Business Review, Jan. - Feb., 1975, pp. 97-107.
27. Corbett, C., and L. V. Wassenhove, "Trade-Offs? What Trade-Offs? Concept and Competitiveness in Manufacturing Strategy," California Management Review, Summer, 1993, pp. 45-56
28.de Mayer, A. "An Empirical Investigation of Manufacturing Strategies in European Industry. In C. a. Voss," Manufactruing strategy, 1990, pp. 555-579
29.de Mayer, A., and K. Ferdows, "Managerial Focal Points in Manufacturing Strategy," International Journal of Production Research, Vol. 25, No. 11, 1987, pp. 1551-1562.
30.Dierickx, I. and K. Cool, "Asset Stock Accumulation and Sustainability of Competitive Advantage," Management Science, Vol. 32, No. 12, 1989, pp.1504-1510.
31.Ferdows, K., J. G. Miller, and T. E. Vollmann, "Evolving Global Manufacturing Strategies: Projections into the 1990s," International Journal of Operations and Production
Management, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1986, pp. 6-16.
32.Fiegenbaum, A., J. McGee, H. Tomas, "Exploring the Linkage between Stratgies Group and Competitive Strategy," International Studies of Management & Organization, Vol. 18,
1988, pp. 6-25.
33.Fine, C. H. and A. C. Hax, "Manufacturing Strategy: A Methodology and an Illustration," Interfaces, Vol. 15, No. 6, 1985, pp. 28-46.
34.Hambrick, D. C. "Taxonomic Approaches to Studying Stragegy : Some Conceptual and Methodolgical Issues," Jounal of Management, Vol. 10, 1984, pp 27-41.
35.Hayes, R. H., S. C. Wheelwright, and K. B. Clark, Dynamic Maunfacturing, Collier Macmillian, New York: New York, 1988.
36.Hayes, R. H. and S. C. Wheelwright, Restoring our Competitive Edge-Competing Through
Manufacturing, John Wiley and Sons Inc., N. Y., 1984.
37.Hayes, R. H., "Strategic Planning - Forward in Reverse," Harvard Business Review, Nov.-Dec., 1985, pp. 111-119.
38.Hill, T., Manufacturing Strategy: The Strategic Management of the Manufacturing Function. MacMillan, London, 1985.
39.Hofer, C.W. and Schendel, D.E., Strategy Formulation: Analytical Concepts, West Publishing St. Paul, 1978.
40.Huff, A., and R. Roger, "A Review of Strategic Process Research," Journal of Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, 1987, pp. 211-236.
41.Kerin R. A., R. P. Varadarajan, and R. A. Peterson, "First-Mover Advantage: A Synthesis, Conceptual Framework, and Research Proposition," Journal of Marketing, October, 1992,
pp. 33-52.
42.Kolter, P., Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, and Control, 9th ed., N. J. Prentice-Hall Inc., 1998.
43.Krajewski, L. J. and L. P. Ritzman, Operations Management and Analysis: Strategy and Analysis, Addision-Wesley, 1987.
44.Lambkin, M., "Order of Entry and Performance in New Markets," Strategic Management Journal, Vol. 9, Summer, 1988, pp. 127-140.
45.Leonard-Barton, D., and Deschamps, I., "Managerail Influence in the Implementation of New Technology," Management Science, Vol. 34, No. 10, 1988, pp. 1252-1265.
46.Leong K. G., D. L. Synder and P. T. Ward, "Research in the Process and Content of Manufacturing Strategy," Omega, Vol. 13, No. 3, 1990. pp. 109-122.
47.Lieberman, M. B. and D. B. Montgomery, "First Mover Advangage," Strategic Management Jounal, Vol. 9, Summer, 1988, pp. 41-58.
48.MacMillan, I. C., "Preemptive Strategies," The Journal of Business Stragegy, Spring, 1987, pp 16-26.
49.Maidique, M. A. and P. Patch, "Corporate Strategy and Technological Policy," Readings in
the Management of Innovation, 1982. pp. 236-248.
50.Mansfield, E., M. Schwartz, and S. Wagner, " Imitation Costs and Patents: An Empirical Study," Economical Journal, Dec., 1981, pp. 907-918.
51.Marucheck, A., R. Pannesi, and C. Anderson, "An Exploratory Study of the Manufacturing Strategy Process in Practice," Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 9, No. 1, 1990, pp.
101-123.
52.Miles, R. E., and C. C. Snow, Organization Strategy, Structure, and Process, N. Y. : NxGraw-Hill, Inc., 1978
53.Miller, J. G. and A. V. Roth, "A Taxonomy of Manufacturing Strategies, " Management Science, Vol. 40, No. 3, 1994, pp.285-304.
54.Miller, J. G. and W. Hayslip, "Implement Manufacturing Strategic Planning," Planning Review, Jul.-Aug., 1989.
55.Minor, E. D., R. L. Hensley, and D. R. Wood, "A Review of Empirical Manufacturing Strategy Studies," International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol.14,
No. 1, 1994, pp. 5-25.
56.Peter, T. W., J. B. Deborah, and G. Keong Leong,"Configuration of Manufacturing Strategy, Business Strategy, Environment, and Structure," Friday, Jan. 28, 1994.
57.Peterson, R. A., Implication of the FCC Head-Start Policy, Testimony Before the Federal Comminications Commission, Dec., 1982.
58.Platte, K. W., "A process Approach to Research Manufacturing Strategy," International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 13, No. 8, 1993, pp. 4-17.
59.Platts, K. W., J. F. Mills, A. D. Neely, and A. H. Richards, "Evaluating Manufacturing Strategy Formulation Processes," International Journal of Production Economics, Vol. 46, No. 12, 1996, pp. 233-240.
60.Porter, M. E., Competitive Strategy: Techniques for Analyzing Industries and Competitors, N. Y. : The Free Press, 1980.
61.Porter, M. E., Competitive Advantage, N. Y. : The Free Press, 1985.
62.Richardson, P. R., P. R. Taylor and J. R. M. Gordon, "A Strategic Approach to Evaluating Manufacturing Performance," International Journal of Production Economics , Vol. 15, No.
6, 1985, pp. 15-27.
63.Roth, A. V., "Linking Manufacturing Strategy and Performance: An Empirical Investigation," Boston University Manufacturing Roundtable Research Report Series, Jan.,
1989.
64.Roth, A. V. and J. G. Miller, A Taxonomy of Manufacturing Strategy. Paper presented at the 9th Conference of the Strategic Management Society, San Francisco, C. A. 1989.
65.Schroeder, R. G., J. C. Anderson, and G. Cleveland, "The Content of Manufacturing: An Empirical Study," Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1986, pp. 405-415.
66.Sharma, D., "Manufacturing Strategy: A Empirical Investigation," Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Ohio State University, Columbus O. H., 1987.
67.Skinner, W., "Manufacturing-Missing Link in Corporate Strategy," Harvard Business Review, May.-Jun., 1969, pp.136-145.
68.Skinner, W., " The Focused Factory," Harvard Business Review, 1974, Vol. 52, No. 2, pp. 236-251.
69.Skinner, W., "The Dicline, Fall, and Renewal of Manufacturing Plants," Industrial Engineering, Vol. 1, No. 4, 1974, pp. 32-38.
70.Stalk, J.G.., "Time-the Next Source of Competitive Advantage," Harvard Business Review, Jul.-Aug., 1988, pp.41-45.
71.Stobaugh, R., and P. Telesio, "Matching Manufacturing Policies and Product Strategy," Harvard Business Review, Vol. 63, No. 2, 1983, pp. 124-141.
72.Swamidss, P. M., "Manufacturing Strategy: Its Assessment and Practice," Jounnal of Operations Management, Vol. 6, No. 4, 1986, pp. 471-484.
73.Swamidass, P.M. and W. T. Newell, "Manufacturing strategy, environmental uncertainty and performance: a path analytical model", Management Science, Vol. 33 No. 4, 1987, pp
509-24.
74.Sweeney, M. T., "Towards a Unified Theory of Strategic Manufacturing Management," International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 11, No. 8, 1991, pp. 6-22.
75.Swink, M. and M. H. Way, "Manufacturing Strategy: Propositions, Current Search, Renewed Direction," International Journal of Operations and Productions Management, Vol. 15, No. 7, 1995, pp. 4-26.
76.Tunalv, C., "Manufacturing Strategy-Plans and Business Performance," International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 12, No. 3, 1992, pp. 53-70.
77.Ward, P. T., D. J. Bickford, and G. K. Leong, "Configurations of Manufacturing Strategy, Business Strategy, Environment and Structure," Journal of Management, Vol. 22, No. 4,
1996, pp. 597-626.
78.Ward, P. T., J. G. Miller, and T. E. Vollmann, " Mapping Manufacturing Concerus and Action Plans," International Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 8, No.
6, 1988.
79.Williams, F. P., D. E. D''Souza, M. E. Rosenfeldt, and M. Kassaee, " Manufacturing Strategy, Business Strategy and Firm Performance in a Mature Industry," Journal of
Operations, Vol. 13, 1995, pp. 19-33.