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研究生:余宣穎
研究生(外文):Hsuan-Yen Yu
論文名稱:小花蔓澤蘭種子的發芽生態學
論文名稱(外文):Germination Ecology of the Seeds of Mikania micrantha Kunth
指導教授:郭華仁郭華仁引用關係
指導教授(外文):Warren H. J. Kuo
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立臺灣大學
系所名稱:農藝學研究所
學門:農業科學學門
學類:一般農業學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2003
畢業學年度:91
語文別:中文
論文頁數:70
中文關鍵詞:小花蔓澤蘭溫度水勢發芽休眠埋土試驗發芽週年變遷
外文關鍵詞:Mikania micranthatemperaturewater potentialgerminationdormancyburieddormancy cycle
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小花蔓澤蘭(Mikania micrantha Kunth)屬於菊科蔓澤蘭屬多年生草本蔓藤類植物,是台灣島內危害相當嚴重的雜草之一,約在1970年代引進,原作為水土保持用,但卻因為其生長快速、種子數多且種子可以隨著絨毛飛行傳播,加上近幾年我國農地的荒廢,造成一發不可收拾的地步,因此本篇論文利用不同的環境因子進行試驗,並利用此基本資料,使用萌芽模式模擬小花蔓澤蘭種子發芽與幼苗出現的時機,以提供國內專家學者了解小花蔓澤蘭的生活史,進而防除小花蔓澤蘭之用。
試驗結果顯示:
一、種子與環境:小花蔓澤蘭的發芽環境,適宜發芽溫度約在16∼23℃,最低發芽溫度約在7.5℃∼10℃之間,最高發芽溫度約在31.5℃,其適宜水勢在0MPa∼-0.4MPa之間,且(1)溫差大對於發芽有一定的助益。(2)小花蔓澤蘭種子其發芽適溫,對於水分缺乏具有一定程度的忍耐力。(3)小花蔓澤蘭,對於埋藏深度相當敏感,當有埋土深度達到1cm時,發芽率已降到10%以下。
二、種子週年發芽變遷:小花蔓澤蘭種子於土中約可存活8個月之久,而其休眠循環為初次休眠/無休眠/制約休眠,八個月後即死亡,若種子有光線照射,可加速種子發芽並解除制約休眠。
三、萌芽模式:本論文利用累積發芽率估算基礎溫度與基礎水勢,估算後,得到基礎溫度分佈在2.5℃∼9.5℃,而基礎水勢分佈在-0.61MPa∼-1.49MPa,而Tb、Ψb(50)、θHT、σΨb之最佳估計值為6.5℃、-1.047MPa、69℃MPa-day、0.448MPa,種子發芽模式為:
Probit(G’)=[ Ψ-69 / (T- 6.5)tg-(-1.047)]/ 0.448
G’為種子田間實際發芽率,受每日溫度(T)與累積發芽天數(D)之影響,利用兩者計算修正式,並利用室內發芽率(G)乘之,即為實際發芽率(G’):
G’=G(-0.961+0.0827T-0.0016T2+0.00068TD+0.03319D-0.00143D2)
而幼苗每日累積在不同溫度下生長(Y)經二次方程式計算如下:
Y’=-1.98335+0.09496T-0.00138T2-0.00238TD-0.00725D+0.0241D2
Y‘為種子田間累積長度,受每日溫度與水勢(W)之影響,利用兩者修正,並利用室內累積長度(Y)乘之,即為實際累積長度(Y’)
Y‘= Y(2.01 — 0.042 T + 0.000484 T2 — 6.88 W + 5.27 W2 + 0.075 TW)
兩者可合理估算種子發芽與幼苗生長,結合兩者數學模式,即可有效的模擬田間萌芽時機。
Mikania micrantha Kunth (Mile-a-minute) is a perennial vine that belongs to the composite family. It was introduced in 1970s for soil conservation. M. micrantha becomes invasive in recently years due to its fast growth and tremendous amount of wind- dispersed seeds. Effects of environmental factors such as light, temperature, water potential and soil on the germination and emergence of M. micrantha were tested in this thesis. Prediction of field emergence of M. micrantha was achieved by mathematical modelling. The results can be helpful in developing the strategy of controlling M. micrantha.
The main results were summarized as follows:
1), Environmental effects on seed germination: The optimal, minimun, and maximun temperature for seed germination of M. micrantha are 16~23, 7.5~10 and 31.5 ℃ respectively. The optimal water potential range is 0~-0.4 MPa. Alternating temperature is better for seed of M. micrantha germination than constant temperature. Under optimal temperature regimes, the seeds show more tolerant to lower water potential than under non-optimal temperature regimes. The seeds are very sensitive to buried. One cm depth of burial will prevent 90% of the seeds from germination.
2), Dormancy cycle: The seeds of M. micrantha can survive in soilbank for about 8 months, within that period the seeds show a conditional dormancy/non-dormancy/ conditional dormancy cycle.
3), Seedling emergence model: Cumulated germination data of the seeds of M. micrantha are used to calculate the base temperature and base water potential of the seeds of each percent. The best estimated values of Tb、Ψb(50)、θHT、σΨb are 6.5 ℃、-1.047 MPa、69 ℃-MPa-day and 0.448 Mpa respectively. The fitted seed germination model is:
Probit(G’)= [ Ψ-69 / (T- 6.5)tg-(-1.047)]/ 0.448
Where G’represented germination percentage of the buried seed, and is obtained by multiplying germination percentage under germination chamber (G) with factors of daily temperature (T) of the cumulated germination day (D) :
G’ = G(-0.961 + 0.0827 T — 0.0016 T2 + 0.00068 TD + 0.03319 D — 0.00143 D2)
The cumulated shoot elongation data under different temperature regimes are fitted by a quadratic function, and the resultant equation
Y’= -1.98335 + 0.09496 T - 0.00138T2 - 0.00238 TD - 0.00725D + 0.0241 D2
Where Y’ represented cumulated shoot length of the seedling after germination in the soil, and is obtained by multiplying shoot length under germination chamber (Y) with factors of daily temperature (T) and daily soil water potential (W) :
Y’ = Y(2.01 — 0.042 T + 0.000484 T2 — 6.88 W + 5.27 W2 + 0.075 TW)
It is shown that by combining the seed germination model and shoot elongation model, the time of seedling emergence after seeding can be reasonably predicted.
中文摘要-------------------------------------I
英文摘要------------------------------------II
前言-----------------------------------------1
前人研究-------------------------------------2
材料與方法----------------------------------16
結果----------------------------------------26
討論----------------------------------------38
圖------------------------------------------45
表------------------------------------------62
參考文獻------------------------------------64
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