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研究生:邱森福
研究生(外文):Sen-Fu Chiu
論文名稱:大型科技廠特高壓及高壓配電系統之地電流特性分析
論文名稱(外文):A Study on the Ground Current Characteristic of Very High Voltage and High Voltage Distribution Systems in the Large High-tech Plants
指導教授:周至如
指導教授(外文):Chih-Ju Chou
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:中原大學
系所名稱:電機工程研究所
學門:工程學門
學類:電資工程學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2004
畢業學年度:92
語文別:中文
論文頁數:151
中文關鍵詞:地電位昇地電流接觸電壓
外文關鍵詞:Ground CurrentGPRTouch Voltage
相關次數:
  • 被引用被引用:10
  • 點閱點閱:256
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  • 下載下載:0
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摘要
本研究以典型的高科技工廠之特高壓及高壓配電系統為對象,探討其地電流之特性,其中考慮對地電流的三個主要成分包括感應環流、絕緣劣化洩漏電流及電容性充電電流,這些電流注入工廠接地系統在接地系統上產生的地電位昇(GPR)及導體電流,以及在地表面上產生的磁場、電位、步間電壓及接觸電壓等之分佈都加以分析,以評估對人員、設備及系統的影響。所有的分析將分別針對正常供電模式及緊急供電模式來進行,且將考慮不同的接地條件包括電力公司接地線、工廠內各地網的連接狀況、電纜接地架構、電纜架之接地阻抗、負載準位及不平衡狀況。分析方法是採用解耦法以計算電纜架及其它並行導體之感應環流及應用一分析軟體CDEGS來計算各項電磁特性分佈。研究結果顯示,對地電流所引起的GPR、步間電壓及接觸電壓尚不足以威脅人員的安全,也不致於破壞設備的絕緣,但接地系統之GPR及其導體電流,及地面磁場分佈及電位分佈對敏感設備的系統及設備可能造成干擾,本文由不同接地條件所分析的結果進行比較相關的改善措施亦據以提出以供參考。
Abstract
The ground current characteristics of very high voltage (VHV) and high voltage (HV) distribution systems in the large high-tech plants are studied with considering three main components of ground currents including induction current, insulation degradation leakage current and capacitive charging current. The ground potential rise (GPR) and conductor currents of grounding system and the distributions of magnetic fields, potentials, touch voltage and step voltage on the ground surface due to the ground currents are analyze for investigating their affections on personal, equipments and systems. Two different power modes of distribution system in the plant namely normal power mode and emergency power modes are considered for the study. Furthermore, various grounding conditions including the utility ground wires, the connections between ground grids, the grounding scheme of power cable and the grounding impedances of cable tray, and the load levels and unbalances are also considered in the analysis. A decoupled method is used to calculate the induction currents of cable tray and other parallel conductors. A software package” CDEGS” is used to analyzed the distribution of each electromagnetic characteristic item. The study results show that the ground currents will not produce significant GPR and touch and step voltages to damage equipments and personal, but the GPR and conductor currents of grounding system and the distributions of magnetic field and potential on the ground surface may interfere the sensitive equipments and systems. The related mitigating methods based on the comparisons between the analysis results with different grounding conditions are proposed.
目 錄
目錄.................................................................................Ⅰ
圖索引.............................................................................Ⅲ
表索引.......................................................................... I

第一章 緒論.........................................................................1
1.1 研究動機及目的....................................................................1
1.2 國內外研究概況....................................................................2
1.3 研究內容概述.........................................................................2
第二章 工廠配電系統地電流成因及影響........................................4
2.1 地電流之成因.........................................................................4
2.2 地電流之影響........................................................................9
第三章 系統分析方法、參數計算及分析軟體的介紹......................15
3.1解耦技巧................................................................................15
3.2導納矩陣法............................................................................17
3.3 系統參數計算......................................................................19
3.4 分析軟體介紹.......................................................................24
第四章 工廠配電系統介紹與實例分析..........................................32
4.1 配電系統介紹.......................................................................32
4.2 地網配置與分析方法.............................................................35
4.3 實例分析結果.......................................................................38
4.3.1平時運轉......................................................................38
4.3.2 緊急運轉.....................................................................94
第五章 模擬結果評估與改善方法................................................130
5.1 模擬結果評估.....................................................................130
5.1.1 人員安全評估............................................................130
5.1.2 磁場干擾評估............................................................137
5.2 改善方法及防範措施...........................................................141
第六章 結論與展望.....................................................................143
6.1 結論..................................................................................143
6.2 展望..................................................................................144
參考文獻....................................................................................145






圖索引
圖2-1 系統多重接地因各種單相負載不平衡而有地電流..................5
圖2-2 電氣設備漏電所產生之大地洩漏電流圖例............................6
圖2-3 磁場對地回路感應之地電流圖例..........................................7
圖2-4 電纜遮蔽層之感應電流及充電電流圖例................................8
圖2-5 Neutral-to-Earth Voltage電位產生圖.....…..…....................10
圖2-6 地電位變動及雜散電流之干擾............................................12
圖2-7 電蝕與自然腐蝕圖例..........................................................13
圖2-8 大地洩漏電流引發電蝕概念圖............................................14
圖3-1 耦合效應等效感應電流圖...................................................16
圖3-2 數個跨距之解耦概念圖.......................................................17
圖3-3 線路阻抗對大地回歸電流的影響概念圖..............................20
圖3-4 CDEGS軟體模擬之步驟圖例.............................................31
圖4-1典型高科技工廠配電系統及接地系統示意圖......................32
圖4-2 典型高科技工廠高壓配電系統及接地系統示意圖................33
圖4-3 工廠配電系統之地網配置圖(互連) .....................................36
圖4-4 工廠配電系統之地網配置圖(不互連) ..................................36
圖4-5平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.....................................45
圖4-6平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.......................45
圖4-7平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈........................46
圖4-8平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈......................46
圖4-9平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈..................................47
圖4-10平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈..........................47
圖4-11平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...........................48
圖4-12平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈......................48
圖4-13平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈........................49
圖4-14平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈........................49
圖4-15平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈................…................50
圖4-16平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.................................50
圖4-17平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.............................51
圖4-18平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.................51
圖4-19平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.....................52
圖4-20平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁..........................................52
圖4-21平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...........................................53
圖4-22平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...........................................53
圖4-23平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.............................................54
圖4-24平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...........................................54
圖4-25平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...........................................55
圖4-26平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈......................................55
圖4-27平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...........................................56
圖4-28平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈......................................56
圖4-29平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈..............................................57
圖4-30平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈..........................................57
圖4-31平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈........................ 58
圖4-32平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈...........................................58
圖4-33平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈............................................59
圖4-34平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈............................................59
圖4-35平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈..........................................60
圖4-36平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈............................................60
圖4-37平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈..............................61
圖4-38平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈................................61
圖4-39平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈................................62
圖4-40平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈................................62
圖4-41平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...........................63
圖4-42平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.......................63
圖4-43平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...........................64
圖4-44平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.......................64
圖4-45平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈................................65
圖4-46平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈..........................65
圖4-47平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈................................66
圖4-48平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.................................66
圖4-49平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈...........................67
圖4-50平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈........................67
圖4-51平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈..........................68
圖4-52平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈........................68
圖4-53平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈............................ 69
圖4-54平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互 連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈.......................69
圖4-55平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈..............................70
圖4-56平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈..............................70
圖4-57平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈........................71
圖4-58平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈….71
圖4-59平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈........................72
圖4-60平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地地表電位分佈....72
圖4-61平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈...........................73
圖4-62平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互 連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈.........................73
圖4-63平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈...........................74
圖4-64平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈......................74
圖4-65平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈.....................75
圖4-66平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈......................75
圖4-67平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈........................76
圖4-68平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地步間電壓分佈.....................76
圖4-69平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈.................................79
圖4-70平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈. ........................79
圖4-71平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分.....................................80
圖4-72平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈...........................80
圖4-73平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈...........................81
圖4-74平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈.......................81
圖4-75平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈.........................82
圖4-76平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地接觸電壓分佈......................82
圖4-77平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈...............................83
圖4-78平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈.. .......................83
圖4-79平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈.................................84
圖4-80平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈..........................84
圖4-81平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈. .......................85
圖4-82平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈....................85
圖4-83平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈.........................86
圖4-84平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地導體電流分佈.....................86
圖4-85平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈................................................87
圖4-86平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈............................................87
圖4-87平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈..................................................88
圖4-88平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈............................................88
圖4-89平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈..........................................89
圖4-90平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.....................................89
圖4-91平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈...... .....................................90
圖4-92平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.....................................90
圖4-93平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈................................................91
圖4-94平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.................. …...........................91
圖4-95平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.................. .............................92
圖4-96平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.................. .......................92
圖4-97平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈................. ................ .........93
圖4-98平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.............................. .........93
圖4-99平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.............. ...........................94
圖4-100平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈................ .............. ......94
圖4-101緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈................... .......................97
圖4-102緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.......................................97
圖4-103緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ....................................98
圖4-104緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ................................98
圖4-105緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ................................99
圖4-106緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ............................99
圖4-107緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ..............................100
圖4-108緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... ..........................100
圖4-109緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈...... ........................ ..........101
圖4-110緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈... .................................101
圖4-111緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈... ... . ................................102
圖4-112緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈......... ...........................102
圖4-113緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈............ ........................103
圖4-114緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈............ ....................103
圖4-115緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.............. ......................104
圖4-116緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.................................104
圖4-117緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈................ ........ ............................105
圖4-118緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈................ ........ ........................105
圖4-119緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈. ................. ........ .........................106
圖4-120緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈................. ........ .....................106
圖4-121緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈............................. ....................107
圖4-122緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈................. ........ ...................107
圖4-123緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.................... ........ ....................108
圖4-124緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.................... ........ ................108
圖4-125緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈....................................... ..............109
圖4-126緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈..................................................109
圖4-127緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.................................. .............. .....110
圖4-128緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.................................. ................110
圖4-129緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈...................................... ............111
圖4-130緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈....................................... .......111
圖4-131緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈........................................... .......112
圖4-132緊急運轉下,三相平衡,Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.......................................... ....112
圖4-133緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈.....................................113
圖4-134緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................113
圖4-135緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . .............. .............114
圖4-136緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................114
圖4-137緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................115
圖4-138緊急運轉下,三相不平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................115
圖4-139緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................116
圖4-140緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之GPR分佈...... . ........................116
圖4-141緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈.... ......... .......................117
圖4-142緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈... ......... ....................117
圖4-143緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈....... ......... ....................118
圖4-144緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈....... ......... ................118
圖4-145緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈............ ....... .............119
圖4-146緊急運轉下,三相不平衡,Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈............ ....... .............119
圖4-147緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈................... .............120
圖4-148緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈................... .............120
圖4-149緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈......... .................... ......... .........121
圖4-150緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈......... ......... ...... ......... .........121
圖4-151緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈......... ......... ....... ......... ......... ..122
圖4-152緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.......... ........... ......... ......... ...122
圖4-153緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.......... ........... ......... ......... ...123
圖4-154緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.......... ........... ......... ......... ...123
圖4-155緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.......... ........... ......... ......... ...124
圖4-156緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之GPR分佈.......... ........... ......... ......... ...124
圖4-157緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈.... .............. ....... .................. ...125
圖4-158緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈......... .................. ........... .....125
圖4-159緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ................. ........... .....126
圖4-160緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ................. ........... .126
圖4-161緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ................... ...........127
圖4-162緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case1未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ..................... .........127
圖4-163緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ................... ...........128
圖4-164緊急運轉下,三相不平衡, Case2未加入地線,地網不互連,線架接地電阻5Ω之磁場分佈... .......... ................... ...........128
圖5-1 平時滿載運轉下,地網互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之步間電壓分佈............................................................................133
圖5-2 平時滿載運轉下,地網不互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之步間電壓分佈.......................................................................133
圖5-3 平時滿載運轉下,地網互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之接觸電壓分佈............................................................................134
圖5-4 平時滿載運轉下,地網不互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之接觸電壓分佈..........................................................................134
圖5-5 緊急供電運轉下,地網互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之步間電壓分佈............................................................................135
圖5-6 緊急供電運轉下,地網不互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之步間電壓分佈..........................................................................135
圖5-7 緊急供電運轉下,地網互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之接觸電壓分佈............................................................................136
圖5-8 緊急供電運轉下,地網不互連,以14mm^2銅導線接地之接觸電壓分佈..........................................................................136
圖5-9 共模及常模干擾型態之示意圖..........................................137
圖5-10平時滿載運轉下,地網未互連, 14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈...............................................................................140
圖5-11緊急供電運轉下,地網未互連, 14mm^2銅導線接地之磁場分佈...............................................................................140





表索引
表2-1 台電公司1988 ~ 1991年引起電力系統事故之原因統計表......9
表2-2 腐蝕狀況比較表.................................................................13
表3-1地線(銅導線)的規格及與各相線之互阻抗.............................23
表3-2 線架的規格及與各相線之互阻抗.........................................23
表3-3 各級電纜的規格.................................................................24
表4-1接地系統相關參數表...........................................................34
表4-2變壓器與發電機相關參數表................................................35
表4-3 電纜、線架及地線相關參數表.............................................35
表4-4 絕緣劣化洩漏電流與電容性充電洩漏電流值.......................38
表4-5平時滿載,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值.............39
表4-6平時滿載運轉下,三相平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻分析之最大值…………….39
表4-7平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值..................................................................................................................................40
表4-8平時半載運轉下,三相不平衡,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值……………………………………………………………………………………..41
表4-9平時1/4載運轉下,三相不平衡,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值……………………………………………………………………………………..42
表4-10平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻來分析之最大值……...43
表4-11平時半載運轉下,三相不平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻來分析之最大值……...44
表4-12平時1/4載運轉下,三相不平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻來分析之最大值……45
表4-13緊急運轉下,三相平衡,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值……...94
表4-14緊急運轉下,三相平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻分析之最大值………………...95
表4-15緊急運轉下,三相不平衡,以14mm^2銅導線接地阻抗分析之最大值…95
表4-16緊急運轉下,三相不平衡,以5歐姆接地電阻分析之最大值……………96
表5-1觸電電流大小與人體生理作用關係………………………………………..130
表5-2接觸狀態與容許接觸電壓…………………………………………………..131
表5-3平時滿載運轉下,三相不平衡,步間電壓(V)與接觸電壓(V)之最大值…..131
表5-4緊急運轉下,三相不平衡,步間電壓(V)與接觸電壓(V)之最大值………..132
表5-5磁場對電子設備的影響……………………………………………………..138
表5-6電信系統各種干擾雜訊限制標準…………………………………………..138
表5-7平時滿載運轉下,磁場(A/m)最大值………………………………………..139
表5-8 緊急供電運轉下,磁場(A/m)最大值………………………………………139
表5-9對電磁干擾防護的方法及措施……………………………………………..142
參考文獻
[1]F. Dawalibi and George B. Niles, "Measurements and Computations of Fault Current Distribution on Overhead Transmission Lines", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-103, No. 3, pp. 553-560, March 1984.
[2]F. Dawalibi, "Ground Fault Current Distribution Between Soil and Neutral Conductors", IEEE Trans. on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-99, No. 2, pp. 452-461, March/April 1980.
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